He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o CentOS6.5 a me 7?Pehea e koho ai i kahi mana CentOS7?

CentOS ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui loa ma waena o 7 a me 6 ka ʻokoʻa i ka ʻenehana hoʻomaka.

• ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻomaka i hoʻohana ʻia e CentOS 7 ʻo Systemd.
• Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawelawe, nā faila hoʻomaka, nā kauoha pūnaewele, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hōʻike i nā ʻokoʻa mai 6.

E hoomaopopo mua kakou Linux ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana hoʻomaka mua ʻo CentOS!

XNUMX. ʻenehana hoʻomaka ʻōnaehana

1. ʻenehana Sysvinit
2. ʻenehana hoʻomaka
3. ʻenehana systemd

ʻenehana Sysvinit

hiʻona:

• 1) ʻO ka hana mua o ka ʻōnaehana he init;
• 2) ʻO ke kaʻina hana ka hana makua o nā kaʻina hana a pau a ʻaʻole hiki ke pepehi ʻia (pepehi ʻia);
• 3) Ua kūpono ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana init Linux me SystemV, i kapa ʻia ʻo sysvinti
• 4) Pūnaehana ʻelele: CentOS 5 CentOS 6

Loaʻa

• Hana maikaʻi ʻo Sysvinit a maʻalahi a maʻalahi ka manaʻo.
• ʻO ka hapa nui e pili ana i ka scripting shell.

Nawaliwali:

• 1) Hoʻokō ʻia i kahi kauoha kikoʻī -> Ua lohi ka hoʻomaka.
• 2) Maʻalahi loa ke kau ʻana, fstab a me nā pilikia mauna NFS.

ʻenehana hoʻomaka

Hoʻohana ʻo CentOS 6 i ka SysVinit ma kahi o ka ʻenehana boot e kāʻei.

Loaʻa i ka palapala rc.sysinit o Upstart nā manaʻo maikaʻi e hōʻemi i ka manawa hoʻomaka hoʻomaka.

Eia nō naʻe, no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea no nā luna hoʻomalu, ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻo CentOS 6 a kākoʻo pololei paha i nā hiʻohiʻona hou.

Pūnaehana ʻelele:CentOS 6, ʻo Ubuntu 14.

• hoʻohana ʻia ʻo systemd mai CentOS 7, Ubuntu15.

ʻenehana systemd

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana i nā ʻōnaehana hou (RedHat7, CentOS 7, Ubuntu15, etc.)

• ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻolālā e hoʻoponopono i nā hemahema kumu o sysvinit a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka wikiwiki hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana;
• Hoʻohālikelike me Sysvinit, e hōʻemi ana i ke kumukūʻai o nā hoʻololi;

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui:

1. hoʻomaka like
2. Kaʻina hana me ka PID 1

XNUMX. Hoʻonui i ka kumu yum

Ma CentOS 6, ʻo ka paʻamau ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā pūʻolo rpm mai nā kumu mana.

• Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo CentOS 7 ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai haole.
• ke hoʻohana mākou i ka hoʻoukaʻŌnaehanaʻAʻole i hoʻoiho hou ʻia mai ka pūnaewele kūhelu ma ka paʻamau.
• Akā, e loaʻa koke iā ia ke kumu Yum kokoke loa i kona wahi kikoʻī e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻoiho.

XNUMX. Kauoha

Inā koho ʻoe i ka liʻiliʻi (ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa) i ka wā e hoʻokomo ai i ka ʻōnaehana, e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi pūʻolo liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mana mua.No ka laʻana: VIM, hoʻohana i ka ifconfig, ala ala, hoʻonohonoho e hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻāpana, netstat, etc.Ua hala nā kauoha he nui.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau pūʻolo:

yum install lrzsz tree net-tools nmap vim bash-completion lsof dos2unix nc telnet ntp wget rng-tools psmisc screen -y
#lrzsz
 支持用于上传和下载linux的windowns平台。
 可以在windowns远程连接工具上使用。
#net-tools
 CentOS  7.2.11
 默认没有ifconfig命令。网络工具提供了一些网络命令。
#bash-completion
 自动命令完成工具。
#rng-tools
 生成随机数字池的工具。
 有了这个工具，tomcat启动速度非常快。
#psmisc
 这包含killall命令。
#screen
 创建一个新窗口并将任务置于后台。

ʻO ka hā, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano

Palapala Hōʻikeʻike ▼

/etc/locale.conf 

Aia ka laina kauoha i hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu ▼

[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl set-locale LANG = zh_CN.UTF-8
[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl status
System Locale: LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
VC Keymap: us
X11 Layout: us

XNUMX. Manao hoʻomaka

/etc/rc.local 

Aia kēia faila, akā inā makemake mākou e hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano, pono mākou e hoʻohui i nā ʻae hoʻokō iā ia ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Nānā i ke kūlana hana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Pani i nā hana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ▼

systemctl stop crond.service

Nānā i ka hana o ke kūlana ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Nānā i nā lawelawe e holo nei ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep enable 

Hoʻopau i ka lawelawe leka uila ▼

systemctl disable postfix.service

E nānā inā hiki ke lawelawe leka uila ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep postfix

Hoʻopau i ka pā ahi ▼

systemctl stop firewalld.service

E hoʻomaka i ka lawelawe▼

systemctl is-enable

# Pani i ka lawelawe ▼

systemctl disable

E hoʻomaka me /etc/rc.d/rc.local/:

/etc/rc.d/rc.local ma CentOS 7 pono e hoʻokō i kēia mau kauoha e hāʻawi i nā ʻae hiki ke hoʻokō ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

ʻEono, runlevel (run level)

ʻO /etc/inittab kahi hoʻololi ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana pahuhopu

• Pono mau no ke komo ʻana aʻe

hoʻololi i 5 ▼

systemctl get-default graphical.target

hoʻololi i 3 ▼

systemctl get-default multi-user.target

Hoʻopau manawa ▼

INIT3

ʻElima wale nō runlevel ▼

[root@centos7 ~]# ls -lh /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel*.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target -> graphical.target 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target -> reboot.target

ʻEhiku, hoʻonohonoho i ke code kumu yum

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

Kumu EPEL kūhelu ▼

wget http://dl.fedorMaroject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm