Kuv yuav ua li cas yog tias Nginx server muaj CPU siab load thiab kev siv lub cim xeeb?

Koj puas tau pom tam sim ntawd ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas Nginx kev siv CPU tau nce siab? Txhawm rau ua qhov tsis zoo, Nginx cov txheej txheem ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm tau siv cov peev txheej zoo li vwm txhua zaus kuv saib cov txheej txheem.

Pom qhov xwm txheej no, koj lub taub hau kub thiab tsis tuaj yeem pab qw: "Au kuv tus Vajtswv, puas yog server yuav tawg?" Tsis txhob txhawj, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias koj lub server yuav raug "tiav", tab sis Nginx Peb xav kom koj ua qhov kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws!

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov ua rau ntau dhau Nginx load

Ua ntej, peb yuav tsum xav txog,Vim li cas Nginx dheev dhau los ua "shaus"?Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov teeb meem, tsis txhob ntshai, cia peb kawm ua ke hauv qab no.

1. Configuration tsis tsim nyog

Hauv Nginx configuration file, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog worker_processes. Qhov kev ntsuas no txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm cov txheej txheem pib los ntawm Nginx.

• Yog tias koj teeb tsa cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsawg dhau, CPU load yuav nce siab; yog tias koj teeb tsa ntau dhau, yuav muaj lub cim xeeb tsis txaus.
• Koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov sib npaug, piv txwv li,Teem worker_processes rau 1 mus rau 2 npaug ntawm CPU cores.
• Yog tias koj muaj 4 cores ces sim worker_processes 4 Los yog teem nws ncaj qha rau auto.

2. Mus ntsib surge

Qee lub sij hawm, Nginx qhov kev thauj khoom tam sim ntawd tsis yog vim koj ua yuam kev, tab sis vim tias tus naj npawb ntawm kev mus ntsib ntau dhau.Kev thov nkag mus tau zoo ib yam yuav ua rau Nginx tus neeg ua haujlwm txheej txheem dhau mus., txhua tus txheej txheem yog overloaded, thiab CPU thiab nco kuj puv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, koj yuav tsum tau txhim kho cov peev txheej server, xws li nce tus naj npawb ntawm CPU cores lossis nce kev nco. Tau kawg, qhov no kuj yog ib qho kev ceeb toom: tsis txhob hnov ​​qab xav txog CDN offloading lossis load balancing.

3. Tau ntsib kev phem phem

Ua "nrov heev" hauv Is Taws Nem tsis yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem tsom koj txhua lub sijhawm. Yog tias koj pom tias qhov kev siv CPU yog qhov txawv txav thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev thov IP yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, nws muaj feem ntau tias koj lub vev xaib raug kev txom nyem los ntawm DDoS nres. Lub sijhawm no,Koj yuav tsum tau siv lub firewall los yog txwv kev nkag mus sai sai, xws li siv cov kev txwv tam sim no uas los nrog Nginx, lossis teeb tsa tus IP blacklist.

Yuav daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv lub cim xeeb siab ntawm Nginx li cas?

Yog li cov lus nug yog, vim li cas cov txheej txheem Nginx tus neeg ua haujlwm siv ntau cov peev txheej? Peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub configuration thiab optimize nws step by step.

Txoj kev teeb tsa

1. Qhib Nginx configuration file: Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa tseem ceeb ntawm Nginx nyob ntawm /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.

2. Teeb tsa worker_processes: Pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv configuration events blocks, nqis worker_processes tus nqi. yog tsis yog events thaiv, koj yuav tsum tsim ib qho.

   nginx
   events {
   worker_connections 1024;
   use epoll;  # 或者适用于操作系统的其他事件模型
   }

1. Teeb tsa worker_connections kom raug

nginx ua worker_connections Qhov ntsuas ntsuas qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib txuas uas txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Yog tias nws tsawg dhau, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo; yog tias nws loj heev, nws yuav siv ntau yam khoom siv.

Yuav ua li cas xam tus nqi tsim nyog?

Piv txwv tias koj muaj 4-core CPU thiab 16GB ntawm RAM, qhov pib muaj kev nyab xeeb yog worker_connections 4096.

Tab sis yog tias koj lub vev xaib muaj ntau txoj kev tsheb khiav, xav txog qhov nce qhov nqi no mus rau 8192 kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus txheej txheem tuaj yeem daws qhov kev thov txaus.

events {
    worker_connections 8192;
}

Ua li no, Nginx lub zog ua haujlwm yuav zoo dua.

2. Kho kom zoo_timeout

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb parameter rau Nginx los lis kev thov yog keepalive_timeout.

Qhov teeb tsa no txiav txim siab ntev npaum li cas tus neeg siv khoom txuas nrog lub server tuaj yeem khaws cia.

Yog tias teem sijhawm ntev dhau lawm, nws yuav siv ntau qhov kev sib txuas..

Koj sim tau keepalive_timeout Teem rau 15 vib nas this kom tswj tau qhov kev sib txuas thiab tso tawm cov peev txheej.

keepalive_timeout 15;

3. Optimize cov ntaub ntawv descriptor txwv

Los ntawm lub neej ntawd,Linux Lub kaw lus muaj qhov txwv ntawm tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia uas tuaj yeem qhib los ntawm txhua tus txheej txheem.

Yog tias Nginx xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntau (xws li cov peev txheej zoo li qub), koj tuaj yeem pom qhov yuam kev los ntawm Nginx, ua rau "too many open files".

koj hla tau worker_rlimit_nofile Nce cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia txwv, piv txwv li teem rau 65535.

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

4. Qhib caching thiab gzip

Caching thiab compression yog ob tus yuam sij rau lub vev xaib kev ua tau zoo.

Los ntawm kev ua kom Nginx lub caching muaj nuj nqi, cov peev txheej zoo li qub (xws li cov duab thiab JS cov ntaub ntawv) tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub cim xeeb, yog li txo cov load ntawm lub server zoo heev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tig rau gzip compression muaj nuj nqi tuaj yeem txo cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thiab txhim kho lub vev xaib nrawm.

gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain application/javascript;

5. Tshawb xyuas kev siv Nginx

Thaum kawg, yog tias koj tau ua tiav tag nrho cov saum toj no optimizations tab sis Nginx tseem siv ntau CPU, tej zaum koj yuav tau siv qee cov cuab yeej rau kev tsom xam qhov tob.

siv top los yog htop Saib cov peev txheej siv sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov txheej txheem, kis strace Trace system hu, los yog siv nmon Tsim cov ntawv qhia ua haujlwm. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm Nginx peb tuaj yeem ua qhov tseeb dua.

mus hais txog

Tsis txhob ntshai thaum Nginx's CPU siv spikes. Nws tsuas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev teeb tsa tsis raug lossis kev tsheb ntau dhau.

los ntawm kev kho kom tsim nyog worker_processes 和 worker_connectionsLos ntawm kev ua kom cov caching, optimizing timeouts thiab cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia, koj tuaj yeem txo qhov load siab ntawm Nginx.

Nginx yog lub vev xaib muaj zog uas, thaum kho kom zoo, tuaj yeem muab kev ua tau zoo rau koj lub vev xaib.

Nco ntsoov, txhua yam lus nug tuaj yeem teb tau los ntawmSciencetxoj kev los daws nws, optimizing server kev ua tau zoo yog tsis muaj kev zam.

Saib xyuas thiab kho kom raws sijhawm, yog tus yuam sij ua kom Nginx khiav tau zoo. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem paub cov tswv yim no, koj lub vev xaib yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm cov tsheb loj lossis kev tawm tsam phem.

Kuv vam tias tsab xov xwm no tau tshoov koj lub siab, maj nrawm thiab txhim kho koj Nginx!