Momwe mungasankhire OKR ndi KPI? Kusiyana kwa OKRs ndi KPIs ndi Kulumikiza Ubwino ndi Zovuta

Momwe mungasankhire OKR ndi KPI?

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito za OKR zimagawidwa pafupifupi magawo awiri.

1. Zina mwa izo ndi zofunika zofunika, kuphatikizapo kukhulupirirana, kumasuka ndi chilungamo.
2. Mbali ina ndi zofunika zofunsira.

Tanthauzo la kukhulupirirana, kumasuka, ndi chilungamo sizikusowa kufotokozera, koma ndizomwe zimatsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwa OKRs.

Zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zidagawidwa m'magawo atatu: bizinesi, anthu, ndi kasamalidwe, zomwe ndi izi:

(1) Za bizinesi:

• Poyerekeza ndi ma KPIs, ma OKR ndi oyenera kwambiri pamabizinesi opanga zinthu zatsopano kapena kusintha njira kuti apititse patsogolo luso la anthu.
• Zochitika za OKR za Huawei zikuwonetsa kuti: kuwongolera R&D ndi kasamalidwe ka ntchito zam'mbuyo kudzera muzatsopano ndizoyenera OKR;
• Kugwira ntchito ndi kupanga, bizinesi yamtunduwu yomwe ili yochepa kuti igwire ntchito, imatha kupititsa patsogolo luso la anthu pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi, yomwe ili yoyenera kwa KPI;

(2) Kwa anthu:

• Posankha otsogolera a OKR, muyenera kusankha antchito omwe zosowa zawo zakuthupi zakwaniritsidwa, komanso antchito omwe ali ndi chidwi chochita zinthu (ngati palibe changu, muyenera kulimbikitsa izi poyamba).
• Pansi pa kasamalidwe ka OKR, ogwira ntchito omwe amayesetsa kuchita zinthu amapanga mtengo wapamwamba.

(3) Kwa oyang'anira:

• Ma OKR ndi a atsogoleri osintha, osati atsogoleri ochita malonda ndi atsogoleri omwe amayenera kuyang'anira zonse okha.
• Poyambitsa ma OKR, muyenera kusankha mtsogoleri wosintha kuti atsogolere gululo, kapena kuphunzitsa mtsogoleri woyambirira kuti asinthe.

Kusiyana ndi ubale pakati pa OKR ndi KPI

KPI (Key Performance Indicators), yomasuliridwa kuti "Key Performance Indicators" mu Chitchaina, imatanthawuza zolinga zamaluso zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zolinga zazikulu zabizinesi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zogwirira ntchito zikuwonetsa momwe bizinesi ikuyang'ana mkati mwa nthawi inayake.Kupyolera mu zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu, kugawidwa kwazinthu ndi mphamvu za bungwe m'magawo akuluakulu ogwira ntchito zikhoza kulimbikitsidwa, kuti khalidwe la mamembala onse liyang'ane pa makiyi opambana. makhalidwe ndi zofunika zabizinesi.

OKR (Zolinga ndi Zotsatira Zazikulu), kumasulira kwa Chitchaina ndi "zolinga ndi zotsatira zazikulu".

kukhalapoM'bukuli, Niven ndi Lamorte amatanthauzira OKR ngati "ndondomeko yofunika kwambiri yoganizira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosalekeza zomwe zimathandiza ogwira ntchito kuti agwirizane, kuyang'ana, ndi kupititsa patsogolo bizinesi."

Kutanthauzira kwina, kowonjezereka kumawona OKR ngati "njira ndi chida chopangira ndi kuyankhulana kwamagulu, gulu, ndi zolinga zaumwini, ndikuwunika zotsatira za ntchito pa zolingazo."

Pakatikati pa OKR ndikuthandiza makampani kupeza njira yofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwawo, kukhalabe olunjika, ndikupanga zopambana m'malo ofunikira kwambiri poyang'ana kwambiri zida zapamwamba.

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ma OKR ali ndi magawo awiri, Zolinga (O) ndi Zotsatira Zofunikira (KRs):

Cholinga ndi kufotokozera zotsatira zomwe kampaniyo idzakwaniritse momwe ikufunira, ndipo imayankha makamaka funso la "kodi tikufuna kuchita chiyani".Zolinga zabwino ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mamembala onse a gulu ndipo zikhale zovuta kwambiri pazomwe zilipo.

Chotsatira chachikulu ndi kufotokozera kwachulukidwe komwe kumayesa kukwaniritsidwa kwa cholinga chomwe chinaperekedwa, ndipo makamaka chimayankha funso lakuti "Tidziwa bwanji kuti cholingacho chakwaniritsidwa".Chotsatira chabwino kwambiri ndikuwerengera zolinga zosamveka.

Sizovuta kuwona kutanthauzira kuti ma KPI ndi ma OKR ali ndi zofanana.Onse amayang'ana pa zolinga zazikulu zamakampani, ndipo onse akugogomezera kuti poyang'ana zolinga zazikuluzikulu zogwirira ntchito, amatha kutsogolera mamembala a bungwe kuti apange machitidwe ogwira ntchito bwino ndikukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe akufuna.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa KPIs ndi OKRs

Komabe, pali kusiyana kofunikira pakati pa ziwirizi, zomwe zimawonekera makamaka m'mbali zotsatirazi:

Kupanga pamapazi osiyanasiyana

KPI ili ndi zizindikiro zomveka bwino, ndipo zomwe zimatsatira ndikukwaniritsa bwino zizindikirozi.

KPI ndi chida chowunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera, imagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwake poyesa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomekoyi.

Cholinga chowunikira ndichofunika kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, chifukwa zimatsimikizira momwe njira zamakampani zingakhalire zogwira mtima.

Chifukwa chakuti KPI imayesetsa kukwaniritsa XNUMX%, posankha zizindikiro, imayang'ana luso lokwaniritsa zolinga zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa nthawi yomweyo, kupyolera mwa iwo kutsogolera ogwira ntchito kuti apange makhalidwe abwino omwe amayembekezeredwa ndi ogwira ntchito, ndikuzindikira njira. Chigamulo cha kampaniyo Kubwezeredwa kochita bwino kwambiri.

Zolinga za OKR ndizosamveka bwino, ndipo zimayang'ana kwambiri popereka malingaliro ovuta komanso kutsatira malangizo abwino. OKR ikugogomezera kuti kudzera mu kusanthula kwa kampani pa bizinesi yake, chuma, misika yakunja, ndi mpikisano, ikhoza kupeza njira yomwe ingathandize kampani kupambana pa mpikisano, ndikupitiriza kuyang'ana njira iyi kuti ipeze zopambana.

Chifukwa chake, OKR imakonda kugwira ntchito molimbika m'njira yoyenera, ndipo polimbikitsa chidwi cha ogwira ntchito, imatha kupeza zotsatira zomwe zimapitilira zomwe zikuyembekezeka.Poyerekeza ndi ma KPI omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pazizindikiro zomwe zitha kumalizidwa, mulingo wofunikira woyezera ngati ma OKR adapangidwa bwino ndikuti ngati zolingazo ndizovuta komanso kupitirira.

OKR imakhulupirira kuti zolinga zovuta kwambiri zimatanthauza kuti kuyesetsa kwakukulu kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti athetse kuganiza kwachizoloŵezi ndikuyesera njira zingapo kuti akwaniritse cholingacho, zomwe sizimangopangitsa kuti cholingacho chikhale chokhazikika, komanso chimayambitsa khalidwe lapamwamba.Ngati membala aliyense wa bungwe akugwira ntchito ku cholinga "chowoneka chosatheka", ngakhale cholinga chachikulu sichikukwaniritsidwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kuposa kukwaniritsa cholinga chokhazikika.

Zitha kuwoneka kuti pali kusiyana kofunikira pakati pa ma KPIs ndi ma OKR potengera mapangidwe apangidwe. Ma KPI amayang'ana kwambiri kukwaniritsa zolinga zomveka bwino, osapitilira.

Ngakhale nthawi zina, makampani amawonetsa kuchita bwino kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zolinga, izi sizofunikira, ndipo kuchuluka kwakuchita bwino kumakhala kochepa.Ndipo OKR yadzipereka kutsogolera njira yopita patsogolo ndikupita patsogolo.

Popeza kuti cholinga chenichenicho n’chovuta kwambiri kuchikwaniritsa, n’kovuta kwambiri kuti chikwaniritsidwe kapena ayi.

Pali zosiyana pakupanga mapangidwe

Njira zolankhulirana za KPIs ndi OKRs muzopangazo ndizosiyana. Kapangidwe ka ma KPI nthawi zambiri kumakhala nthumwi zapamwamba, pomwe ma OKR amayang'ana kwambiri kuyanjana kosiyanasiyana koyambira, pansi, kumanzere ndi kumanja.

Njira zachitukuko za KPI zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo "balanced scorecard" ndi "critical success factor method".

"Balanced Scorecard" ndikuyesa njira kuchokera kuzinthu zinayi zandalama, makasitomala, njira zamkati ndi kuphunzira ndi kukula mwa kupeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingathe kuyendetsa bwino ndondomekoyi, ndikukhazikitsa ndondomeko yowonetsera ntchito yomwe ili yogwirizana kwambiri ndi zinthu zazikuluzikulu zopambana Njira imodzi yoyendetsera zotsatira zake.

The "critical success factor method" ndikupeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri za kupambana ndi kupambana kwa kampani kupyolera mu kusanthula madera opambana a kampani, ndikuchotsa ma modules ofunikira omwe amachititsa kuti apambane, ndikuwola ma modules ofunikira. kukhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri, ndipo pamapeto pake chinthu chilichonse Chiphwanyidwe kukhala zizindikiro zazikulu za magwiridwe antchito.

Ziribe kanthu njira yomwe amagwiritsira ntchito, njira yopangira ma KPIs ndi kuwonongeka kwapadera kwa ndondomeko yamakampani, kutanthauzira pamwamba-pansi pazomwe ndizofunikira kuti akwaniritse ntchito yabwino komanso zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti KPI iwonetsere kwambiri machitidwe omwe bungwe likuyembekeza kuti munthu achite, ndipo zomwe munthu angachite kuti akwaniritse njira zamabizinesi sizikuwonekeratu muzizindikiro zenizeni, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kuyanjana kwa KPI. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoipitsitsa.

Mosiyana ndi izi, mapangidwe a OKR ndi njira yolumikizirana mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.Kuchokera ku Drucker's "Management by Objectives" kupita ku "High-yield Management" ya Grove, kupita ku mtundu wa OKR wa Google, yakhala ikugogomezera "kugwirizana kwa malangizo", "ntchito yogwira ntchito" ndi "mgwirizano wamagulu", Makhalidwe atatuwa akuyimiranso atatuwa. Njira zoyankhulirana za OKR pakupanga.

Kusiyana kwa makina oyendetsa

Potengera momwe amayendetsera, KPI imayang'anira magwiridwe antchito a ogwira ntchito polimbikitsa zinthu zakunja, pomwe OKR imagogomezera kugwiritsa ntchito kudzidalira kwa ogwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo. mwa machitidwe awiri..

Kukhazikitsa kwa KPI nthawi zambiri kumafunika kudalira kukopa kwa zolimbikitsa zakunja, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a chitukuko chake. Mapangidwe a KPI ali makamaka mu mawonekedwe a pamwamba-pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonetsere kwambiri zotsatira za ntchito zomwe bizinesi imafuna kuti antchito akwaniritse.

Pachifukwa ichi, ndizofala kukhazikitsa ubale wa "mgwirizano" mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja kuti alimbikitse kudzipereka kwa ogwira ntchito.

• Nthawi zambiri, makampani amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga kukweza malipiro ndi kugawa mabonasi kuti atsogolere magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a ogwira ntchito, ndipo ogwira ntchito amalandila mphotho zapamwamba kudzera pakukwaniritsa zizindikiro za KPI.
• Izi zikufotokozeranso chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zotsatira zowunika za KPIs zimalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo la chilimbikitso.Koma zofooka za njira imeneyi zikuwonekeranso kwambiri.Choyamba, zolimbikitsa zakuthupi zimachulukitsa mtengo wabizinesi, kotero mabungwe sangaterozopanda malirekuwonjezera mlingo wa zinthu zolimbikitsa;
• Chachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso sikuli kofanana nthawi zonse ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa, kotero kupeza bwino pakati pa ziwirizi n'kofunika kwambiri.
• Chifukwa cha zofooka izi, makampani ambiri ayamba kufunafuna njira zolimbikitsira, kuyesera kukopa chidwi chamkati cha ogwira nawo ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito zawo.

Ndipo OKR ikuwoneka kuti ikuchitapo kanthu pankhaniyi.

Zimadalira makamaka kulimbikitsa khalidwe labwino la ogwira ntchito mwakufuna kwawo kuti akwaniritse cholinga chokweza ntchito.

Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu za chodabwitsa ichi.

1. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito kumakhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito.Psychology imakhulupirira kuti anthu ali okonzeka kugwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika zomwe akugwira nawo ntchito ndikudzipereka kwambiri.Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, OKRs imayang'ana kwambiri pakuchitapo kanthu kwa ogwira ntchito.Mamembala a bungwe ayenera kukhala ndi kuganiza mozama ndi kulankhulana mozungulira pa mapangidwe a OKR, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cholinga chilichonse ndi zotsatira zazikulu zikhale ndi zotsatira.
2. Kachiwiri, OKR si masomphenya a kampani yokha, komanso chifaniziro chonse cha mtengo waumwini wa antchito.

Chifukwa chake, kwa ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi zikhumbo zapamwamba, OKR imatha kulimbikitsa chidwi chawo chamkati kuti adzizindikire.

Nkhani zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa muzochita za OKR

Mukamachita OKR, mungapewe bwanji zovuta kapena machitidwe omwe sangasinthidwe kwakanthawi kochepa, kuti kusinthaku kukhale kothandiza pakampani?

Nanga bwanji ngati pali magawo akampani omwe sagwiritsa ntchito ma OKR?

Mabizinesi safunikira kuyambitsa ma OKR kuti alowe m'malo mwa mayeso a KPI. Ma OKR atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma KPIs (maluso amagawidwa kukhala odzilamulira okha komanso osayang'anira, ma OKR amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira maluso odziyendetsa okha, ndipo KPIs amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira kasamalidwe kokhazikika. talente).

Ikhoza kuyendetsedwa kupyolera mu njira ya zolinga + zotsatira zazikulu, ndipo njira yowunikira sidzadziwitsidwa panthawiyi.

Kutengera zopanga monga chitsanzo, dipatimenti yoyang'anira pamalowo imagwiritsa ntchito ma KPIs kuyang'anira magwiridwe antchito, ndipo dipatimenti yoyang'anira wamkulu imagwiritsa ntchito OKR kukhazikitsa cholinga chochepetsera mtengo ndikuwongolera bwino.软件Mlingo wa chitukuko, kugawanika kwa OKRs ndi KPIs kungakhale pa mlingo wa dipatimenti kwambiri.

Nanga bwanji kusowa kwa anthu okangalika mu gawo la bizinesi?

Choyamba sankhani kapena phunzitsani antchito ochepa omwe zosowa zawo zakuthupi zakwaniritsidwa, funani chithandizo cha ogwira ntchitowa, ndipo mugwiritse ntchito ochepa kuti ayendetse ochuluka;

Nanga bwanji ngati kulibe malo abwino?

OKR sichitsata malo abwino pomwe zopereka zikufanana ndi kubwerera, koma ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti omwe amalipira atha kubweza posachedwa;

OKR sichitsata gawo lokhazikika la kubweza kofanana ndi kulipira, koma liyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti malo onse ali abwino.Awa ndiye maziko a chitukuko cha bizinesi ndi maziko a mgwirizano wapakati pamphamvu.

Bwanji ngati mphotho ndi mphotho zili zovuta kudziwa?

Nthawi yoyambira ya chaka cha 1 imasankhidwa.

• Osasintha malipiro a chaka choyamba, ndikulekanitsa zolinga ndi kuwunika.Gulu likachita bwino, oyang'anira adzapempha mwachibadwa kuti apereke chipukuta misozi, ndipo panthawiyi, akhoza kufunafuna chithandizo cha oyang'anira.
• Kuonjezera apo, simuyenera kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kubwezeredwa polengeza za ogwira ntchito, kuti mupewe ogwira ntchito kuti asatengere chidwi chawo pa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masomphenya achepetse. kusunga chilungamo.

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