Buku Lathunthu la Malamulo Osungira ndi Kuchepetsa MySQL/MariaDB: Kuyambira Woyamba mpaka Katswiri

MySQLBuku Lotsogolera la MariaDB Backup and Decompression Commands

Kuyambira oyamba mpaka akatswiri, kuphimba ...MySQLMaphunzirowa amapereka njira yonse yosungira zinthu zotayira, kukanikiza kwa gzip, kuchotsa zip, ndi kulowetsa MySQL, zomwe zimathandiza opanga mapulogalamu kudziwa bwino njira zosungira ndi kubwezeretsa deta kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha deta komanso kupitiriza kwa bizinesi.

Ngakhale kuti MySQL ndi MariaDB ali ndi chiyambi chofanana, amasiyana kwambiri pankhani ya chilolezo chotseguka, kukulitsa mawonekedwe, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, komanso chilengedwe cha anthu ammudzi. MariaDB imalimbikitsa kwambiri luso lathunthu lotseguka komanso luso la mawonekedwe, pomwe MySQL imadalira chithandizo cha Oracle chamalonda ndipo ndi yoyenera kwambiri pamapulogalamu apabizinesi.

Ndi pamene database inagwa, ndinazindikira kufunika kwa kusunga ma backups.

Wopanga mapulogalamu aliyense wakumana ndi mavuto aakulu chifukwa cha kutayika kwa deta, ndipo malamulo osunga ndi kubwezeretsa a MySQL ndi MariaDB ndi omwe angathandize kwambiri.

Tsopano ndikutsogolerani kumvetsetsa malamulo osungira, ochotsera, ndi olowetsa zinthu ku MySQL/MariaDB m'njira yosavuta.

Nchifukwa chiyani malamulo osungira a MySQL/MariaDB ndi ofunikira kwambiri?

Deta ndiye moyo wa bizinesi.

Ngati database yawonongeka, izi zitha kuchititsa kuti mabizinesi azitsekedwa komanso kutayika kwa mamiliyoni.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa IEEE Transactions on Computers, mabizinesi amataya ndalama zokwana [ndalama zomwe sizikupezeka] pamphindi imodzi chifukwa cha nthawi yomwe database ikugwira ntchito. USD 5600(Chitsime: IEEE, 2023).

Ndicho chifukwa chake muyenera kudziwa malamulo osungira zinthu pamtima.

Kufotokozera Mwatsatanetsatane kwa Malamulo Osungira a MySQL/MariaDB

Njira yodziwika bwino yosungira zinthu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mysqldump.

Lamulo lili motere:

mysqldump -u root -p[root_password] [database_name] > dumpfilename.sql

• -u root: Tchulani wogwiritsa ntchito.
• -p[root_password]Lowetsani mawu achinsinsi anu.
• [database_name]Dzina la database yomwe iyenera kusungidwa.
• dumpfilename.sqlDzina la fayilo yosungira.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati database yanu imatchedwa ... shopdbDzina la fayilo ndi shop_backup.sqlKotero lamulo ndi ili:

mysqldump -u root -p123456 shopdb > shop_backup.sql

MariaDB imathandizanso izi. mysqldumpKalembedwe ka mawu kamagwirizana kwathunthu.

Kodi sizomveka bwino?

Kusunga kukula kwa fayilo ndi psinjika

Nthawi zina mafayilo a database amakhala akuluakulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma gigabytes angapo.

Apa ndi pomwe kupsinjika kumabwera.

LinuxLamulo lofala kwambiri la kukanikiza ndi gzip:

gzip shop_backup.sql

Fayilo yokakamizidwa imakhala shop_backup.sql.gz.

Izi sizimangosunga malo osungira zinthu komanso zimathandiza kusamutsa deta.

Lamulo lotsegula zip: Gawo loyamba pakuchira

Deta ya deta iyenera kutsegulidwa musanayitumize.

Lamulo lili motere:

gunzip FileName.gz

monga:

gunzip shop_backup.sql.gz

Mukamaliza kuchepetsa kupsinjika, mupeza shop_backup.sqlIyi ndi fayilo yomwe ingalowetsedwe.

Kufotokozera Mwatsatanetsatane kwa MySQL/MariaDB Import Commands

Lamulo lolowetsa ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera zili ngati zithunzi zofanana:

mysql -u root -p[root_password] [database_name] < dumpfilename.sql

Mwachitsanzo:

mysql -u root -p123456 shopdb < shop_backup.sql

Gawo ili lidzalowetsa deta kuchokera ku fayilo yosungiramo zinthu zonse mu database.

MariaDB imagwiritsanso ntchito mysql Lamulo lolowera likugwirizana kwathunthu.

Zochitika zenizeni: Njira yonse kuyambira pakusunga zobwezeretsera mpaka kuchira

Tiyerekeze kuti muli ndiZamalonda数据库 shopdb.

1. Kusunga zobwezeretsera:

   mysqldump -u root -p123456 shopdb > shop_backup.sql
   

2. kupsinjika:

   gzip shop_backup.sql
   

pezani shop_backup.sql.gz.

1. Tsegulani:

   gunzip shop_backup.sql.gz
   

Bwezeretsani ku shop_backup.sql.

1. Lowetsani:

   mysql -u root -p123456 shopdb < shop_backup.sql
   

Ntchito yonseyi inatha bwino.

Zolakwika ndi Mayankho Ofala

• Cholakwika 1: Kulephera kupeza mwayi
  Izi zikusonyeza mawu achinsinsi olakwika kapena ufulu wosakwanira wa ogwiritsa ntchito.
  Yankho: Yang'anani zilolezo za ogwiritsa ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti zili pamalopo. SELECT ndipo INSERT Zilolezo.

• Cholakwika 2: Kutha kukumbukira
  Deta ya deta ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo palibe kukumbukira kokwanira panthawi yolowetsa.
  Yankho: Gwiritsani ntchito --single-transaction Lowetsani magawo m'magulu.

• Cholakwika 3: Vuto la mawu osokonezeka
  Pambuyo polowetsa, zilembo za Chitchaina zimawonetsedwa ngati zizindikiro za mafunso.
  Yankho: Onjezani zotsatirazi ku lamulo --default-character-set=utf8mb4.

Malingaliro odalirika omwe atchulidwa

Zolemba zovomerezeka za MySQL zimanena momveka bwino kuti:

"gwiritsani ntchito" mysqldump Njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira deta ndi kusunga deta m'njira yolondola chifukwa imatsimikizira kuti deta yanu ndi yofanana. (Chitsime: MySQL Reference Manual, Oracle)

Zolemba zovomerezeka za MariaDB zimagogomezeranso kuti:

"MariaDB imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi malamulo a MySQL osungira ndi kubwezeretsa, zomwe zimathandiza opanga mapulogalamu kusamuka mosavuta." (Chitsime: MariaDB Knowledge Base)

Mawu awa akubwerezanso kufunika kwa kusunga ma backups a mzere wa lamulo.

Njira Zapamwamba: Kusunga Zosungira Zokha

Kusunga ma backups pamanja ndikovuta kwambiri?

Mungagwiritse ntchito crontab Ntchito zokonzedwa.

Mwachitsanzo, kusunga zokha nthawi ya 2 koloko m'mawa tsiku lililonse:

0 2 * * * mysqldump -u root -p123456 shopdb > /backup/shop_$(date +\%F).sql

Izi zipanga fayilo yosungira yokhala ndi deti tsiku lililonse.

总结

Kusunga deta ya database si njira ina, koma nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa.

mbuye mysqldump,gunzip ndipo mysql Lamulo lolowetsa lili ngati kukhala ndi switch yamagetsi yowongolera database.

Mfundo yanga ndi yomveka bwino:Chitetezo cha deta ndiye chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kampani, ndipo kusunga deta yosungidwa ndiye chitetezo chokhacho.

Monga momwe Harvard Business Review inanenera:

"Mu nthawi ya digito, deta ndi yamtengo wapatali kuposa golide."

Choncho chitanipo kanthu tsopano, lembani zolemba zanu zosungira, ndipo sungani deta yanu m'manja mwanu.

Izi sizikutanthauza ukadaulo wokha, komanso udindo.