Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-CentOS6.5 kunye ne-7?Kuthekani ngokukhetha inguqulelo ye-CentOS7?

CentOS Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-7 kunye ne-6 ngumahluko kubuchule bokuqalisa.

• Itekhnoloji yokuqalisa esetyenziswa yiCentOS 7 yiSystemd.
• Ukongeza, ukuqaliswa kwenkonzo, iifayile zokuqalisa, imiyalelo yenethiwekhi, njl. njl., zonke zibonisa umahluko ukusuka ku-6.

Masiqale siqonde Linux Ukuvela kwetekhnoloji yokuqaliswa kwe-CentOS!

XNUMX. Itekhnoloji yokuqalisa inkqubo

1. Iteknoloji yeSysvinit
2. Itekhnoloji yokuQala
3. Itekhnoloji yeSistim

Iteknoloji yeSysvinit

uphawu:

• 1) Inkqubo yokuqala yenkqubo yi-init;
• 2) Inkqubo ye-init yinkqubo yomzali yazo zonke iinkqubo kwaye ayikwazi ukubulawa (ukubulawa);
• 3) Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-init zokuhanjiswa kweLinux ziyahambelana ne-SystemV, ebizwa ngokuba yi-sysvinti
• 4) Inkqubo yommeli: I-CentOS 5 CentOS 6

Inzuzo:

• I-Sysvinit isebenza kakuhle kwaye ingcamango ilula kwaye icacile.
• Ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kumbhalo weqokobhe.

Ubuthathaka:

• 1) Yenza ngolandelelwano oluthile -> Ukuqalisa kucotha kakhulu.
• I-2) Kulula kakhulu ukuxhoma, i-fstab kunye ne-NFS yokunyusa imiba.

Itekhnoloji yokuQala

I-CentOS 6 isebenzisa iSysVinit endaweni yetekhnoloji yokuqalisa ukuqala.

Iskripthi se-Upstart's rc.sysinit sinokulungiswa okuninzi ukunciphisa ixesha lokuqalisa inkqubo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza lula izinto kubalawuli, i-CentOS 6 ayiqaqambisi okanye ixhase ngokuthe ngqo izinto ezininzi ezintsha.

Inkqubo yomelo:CentOS 6, Ubuntu 14.

• systemd isetyenziswa ukusukela kwiCentOS 7, Ubuntu15.

Itekhnoloji yeSistim

Ubuchwephesha obusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezintsha (RedHat7, CentOS 7, Ubuntu15, njl.)

• Injongo yoyilo kukusombulula iintsilelo zokuqala ze-sysvinit kunye nokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo isantya sokuqalisa inkqubo;
• Iyahambelana ne-Sysvinit, ukunciphisa iindleko zokudluliselwa;

Olona ncedo luphambili:

1. ukuqala okufanayo
2. Ukusetyenzwa kwenkqubo kusetyenziswa i-PID 1

XNUMX. Ukuphuculwa komthombo weyum

Kwi-CentOS 6, okungagqibekanga kukukhuphela iipakethe ze-rpm kwimithombo esemthethweni.

• I-CentOS 7 ilungiselelwe apha ngenxa yesantya esicothayo sokusebenzisa izixhobo zangaphandle.
• xa sisebenzisa ukufaka软件ayisakhutshelwa kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni ngokungagqibekanga.
• Endaweni yoko, iya kufumana ngokuzenzekelayo umthombo weYum okufutshane nendawo yayo ukuze iqalise ukukhuphela.

XNUMX. Umyalelo

Ukuba ukhetha okuncinci (eyona incinci) xa ufaka isixokelelwano, iya kufakwa kwiphakheji encinci kuneenguqulelo zangaphambili.Umzekelo: I-VIM, sebenzisa ifconfig, umzila womzila, ukuseta iiparamitha, i-netstat, njl.Imiyalelo emininzi ayisekho.

Emva kofakelo lwesixokelelwano, ezi phakheji zilandelayo zingongezwa:

yum install lrzsz tree net-tools nmap vim bash-completion lsof dos2unix nc telnet ntp wget rng-tools psmisc screen -y
#lrzsz
 支持用于上传和下载linux的windowns平台。
 可以在windowns远程连接工具上使用。
#net-tools
 CentOS  7.2.11
 默认没有ifconfig命令。网络工具提供了一些网络命令。
#bash-completion
 自动命令完成工具。
#rng-tools
 生成随机数字池的工具。
 有了这个工具，tomcat启动速度非常快。
#psmisc
 这包含killall命令。
#screen
 创建一个新窗口并将任务置于后台。

Okwesine, uhlengahlengiso lweseti yomlinganiswa

Iprofayile yokuSeta umlinganiswa ▼

/etc/locale.conf 

Umgca womyalelo usendaweni kwinyathelo elinye ▼

[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl set-locale LANG = zh_CN.UTF-8
[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl status
System Locale: LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
VC Keymap: us
X11 Layout: us

XNUMX. Ulawulo lokuqalisa

/etc/rc.local 

Le fayile isekho, kodwa ukuba sifuna ukuqhubeka sisebenzisa le ndlela, kufuneka songeze imvume yokuphumeza kuyo ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Jonga ubume boMsebenzi obucwangcisiweyo ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Vala imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo ▼

systemctl stop crond.service

Jonga ukusebenza kwemeko ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Jonga iinkonzo ezisebenzayo ngoku ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep enable 

Khubaza iNkonzo yemeyile ▼

systemctl disable postfix.service

Jonga ukuba inkonzo yemeyile yenziwe yasebenza ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep postfix

Cima i-firewall ▼

systemctl stop firewalld.service

Qala inkonzo▼

systemctl is-enable

# inkonzo evaliweyo ▼

systemctl disable

Qala ngokuthi /etc/rc.d/rc.local/:

/etc/rc.d/rc.local kwi-CentOS 7 idinga ukwenza le miyalelo ilandelayo ukubonelela ngeemvume eziphunyeziweyo ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Isithandathu, inqanaba lokubaleka (inqanaba lokubaleka)

/etc/inittab yinkqubo engasebenziyo ekujoliswe kuyo

• Ihlala ilungile kwigama elilandelayo lokungena

tshintshela ku-5 ▼

systemctl get-default graphical.target

tshintshela ku-3 ▼

systemctl get-default multi-user.target

Isebenza okwexeshana ▼

INIT3

Imigangatho emihlanu kuphela yokubaleka ▼

[root@centos7 ~]# ls -lh /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel*.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target -> graphical.target 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target -> reboot.target

Zisixhenxe, qwalasela ikhowudi yomthombo weyum

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

Umthombo osemthethweni we-EPEL ▼

wget http://dl.fedorMaroject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm