Kungani ama-SOP e-e-commerce (Izinqubo Ezijwayelekile Zokusebenza) ehluleka ukuqaliswa? Kahle kahle le sethi yokuthuthukiswa kwe-SOP esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezindlela zokuqalisa zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngo-300%!

Kungani i-Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) yezinkampani ihlala isephepheni futhi ingalokothi isetshenziswe?

Lesi sihloko sikufundisa ukuthi ungazihlukanisa kanjani izindlela zokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa ama-SOP asezingeni eliphezulu, ukusuka ekwakhiweni kwenqubo kuye ekwabiweni kwesibopho, bese kuya ekusebenziseni okusekelwe kumathuluzi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele ukusebenza kweqembu nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi.

Ukwenza kahle lo mqondo wokuqaliswa kwe-SOP kuzoguqula inkampani yakho isuke ekubeni "ephethwe abantu" iye "ekugijimeni ngamasistimu," okuphindaphindeka kabili ukusebenza kahle kwakho futhi kuphumele ekukhuleni okubonakalayo!

Ngokumane sihlukanise izindlela zokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa ama-SOP asezingeni eliphezulu, singakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yama-SOP asele ezingeni elikha phezulu, okwenza kube nzima ukukhuthaza nokwehluleka ukuletha ukukhula!

Lapho umndeniEzentengiselwanoUma i-Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) yenkampani ishubile kuneqoqo lezinkondlo, nokho isangene ebunzimeni ekufezeni, ukusebenza kancane, nokuntuleka kokuqaliswa kwangempela, kusho ukuthi lawa ma-SOP "ama-SOP" nje "ayimihlobiso," hhayi "izinjini zokukhula."

Ama-SOP asezingeni eliphezulu athuthukisa ukukhula ngempela awabhalwanga phansi, kodwa kunalokho "ahlakazwa" futhi "ayaphela".

Manje, ake sikhulume ngendlela yokuletha ama-SOP ukusuka ephepheni ukuya eqinisweni, ukuze amaqembu akwazi ngempela ukusheshisa izinqubo futhi enze imali ngezindinganiso.

I. Umphefumulo wama-SOP asezingeni eliphezulu: Awawona nje okokubukwa, awokwenza izinto zenzeke.

Abantu abaningi banemibono eyiphutha ngama-SOP.

Babecabanga ukuthi imininingwane eyengeziwe iba ngcono, kodwa umphumela waba inqwaba yemibhalo abasebenzi ababengakwazi ngisho nokuzihlupha ngokuyifunda.

Eqinisweni, incazelo ye-SOP yinto eyodwa kuphela—Yenza ukwenza kuhambisane, kulawuleke, futhi kuthuthukiswe.,

Uma inqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile (i-SOP) ingakwazi ukunika osanda kufika ukuthi aqalise ngokushesha, ilahlekelwa inani layo.

I-SOP yezinga eliphezulu ayikho mayelana nokuthi yinhle kangakanani ifomethi, kodwa mayelana nokuthi "ingakwazi yini ukuqondisa isenzo".

Isebenza njenge-GPS, yazisa wonke umuntu ukuthi kufanele aye kuphi ngokulandelayo, ukuthi enzeni, nokuthi ubani ophethe.

Okwesibili, ngaphambi kokwenza ama-SOP, zibuze imibuzo emithathu ebalulekile.

Ama-SOP ezinkampani eziningi abambeka esigabeni “esaqala”, hhayi ngenxa yabasebenzi, kodwa ngoba abaholi ababuzanga imibuzo efanele.

Umbuzo wokuqala: Kungani sidinga ama-SOP?

Ingabe ukunciphisa amaphutha? Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle? Thuthukisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende?

Uma inhloso ingacacile, i-Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) iba okomthetho nje.

Kuphela ngokuyichaza ngokucacile imigomo lapho singachaza khona izindinganiso.

Umbuzo wesibili: Ubani oyisebenzisayo? Ubani oyiphethe?

Ama-SOP awawona amadokhumenti okufanele agcinwe ngabaphathi, kodwa amathuluzi abasebenzi abaphambili abawasebenzisa nsuku zonke.

Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi ubani ophethe, ubani ogadile, nokuthi ubani olungiselelayo.

Ngaphandle kokuthi "umenzi wefa" kanye "nomuntu onesibopho," i-Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) iyigobolondo elingenalutho nje.

Umbuzo wesithathu: Ayini ngempela amazinga?

Igama elithi "izinga eliphezulu" lizwakala lingaqondakali, kodwa limane lisho ukuthi "abanye bangazuza imiphumela efanayo ngokulandela isibonelo."

Isibonelo, ukubhala "abasebenzi besevisi yamakhasimende kufanele basebenzise ithoni enobungane" akucacile kakhulu;

Kungaba usizo kakhulu ukulishintsha libe "Izisebenzi zesevisi yekhasimende kufanele bonke basebenzise umugqa wokuvula 'Sawubona, ngingu-XXX, ngingakusiza kanjani?'"

3. Uzikhipha kanjani Izinqubo Zokusebenza Ezijwayelekile (ama-SOP) ezisebenziseka ngempela?

Imfihlo yokusebenzisa ama-SOP ilele "ekuhlakazeni".

Njengokucwecwa u-anyanisi, yihlinze isendlalelo ngesendlalelo uye phansi ezingeni lesenzo.

1. Hlukanisa inqubo: kuze kufike emininingwaneni emincane kakhulu ukuze isinyathelo ngasinye silandelwe ncamashi.

Isibonelo, ungalivezi iqiniso lokuthi ikhasimende lifaka i-oda.

Inqubo ihlukaniswa kanje: Uhlelo lukhiqiza i-oda → I-Warehouse ithola i-oda → Ukupakisha → Inombolo yokulandelela okulayishiwe → Isevisi yekhasimende iyaqinisekisa.

Isinyathelo ngasinye kufanele sibhalwe phansi ngokucacile: ngubani ophethe, yimaphi amathuluzi asetshenziswayo, nokuthi iyini imiphumela yokwamukela.

Ngale ndlela, abasafufusa bazoqonda ngokushesha futhi ngeke badideke lapho bekusebenzisa.

2. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwesimo: Cabangela lokho okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka okuhlukile noma ukwehluleka.

Ama-SOP awawona awokuhamba ngomkhumbi okubushelelezi kuphela.

Konke okungenzeka ukuthi "uma kwenzeka" kufanele kuchazwe ngokucacile:

Kuthiwani uma umyalo wehluleka? Kuthiwani uma kukhona ukushoda kwesitoko? Ngizisingatha kanjani izikhalazo zamakhasimende?

Izinqubo ezijwayelekile ezisuselwe kusimo (ama-SOP) zivame ukungenaumzuzu obucayiUlondolozwe usuku.

3. Chaza isibopho: Isinyathelo ngasinye kufanele sibizwe ngegama.

"Umnyango ophethe" empeleni ulingana nokuthi "akekho ophethe".

Kufanele inikezwe ngokucacile kubantu abathile, isibonelo, "amaphakethe we-Li Si, ukubuyekezwa kwe-Wang Wu, nemikhumbi ye-Zhao Liu."

Kuphela uma isibopho sabelwe abantu abathile lapho inqubo ingakwazi ukuvaleka.

IV. Amasu Abalulekile Amathathu Okusebenzisa Izinqubo Ezijwayelekile Zokusebenza (ama-SOP) ukusuka Ephepheni kuye Ephepheni

Ukwenza uhlelo kulula; ukuwenza kuwuvivinyo lwangempela.

Ukuze i-SOP esezingeni eliphezulu iphile, kufanele ikwazi "ukwenza, ukulinganisa, nokushumeka".

1. Faka esikhundleni "izinkulumo" ngokuthi "ukubhoboza"

Izinkampani eziningi zithembele ngokuphelele ekukhipheni imibhalo yokuqeqeshwa kwe-SOP, okuholela ekutheni wonke umuntu avume ngekhanda kodwa akukhohlwe ngokuphelele.

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu iwukuba wonke umuntu azilolonge inqubo yangempela kanye.

Ngokuvumela wonke umuntu ukuthi abambe iqhaza ohlelweni, kusukela ekufakeni i-oda kuye ekulethweni, izinkinga zizovela ngokwemvelo.

Ukusebenza okukodwa kuwufanele imihlangano eyishumi.

2. Sebenzisa idatha ukuze ulandelele imiphumela yokusebenzisa

Isinyathelo ngasinye se-SOP kufanele sibe namamethrikhi.

Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuphendula sesevisi yekhasimende ≤ iminithi elingu-1, izinga lephutha ≤ 0.5%, nokwaneliseka kwekhasimende ≥ 90%.

Indaba yokulinganisa amandla edijithali inikeza isiqondiso sokwenza kahle.

3. Yenza ngokuhlelekile usebenzisa amathuluzi.

Ungawavumeli ama-SOP ukuthi ahlale eqoqa uthuli kuma-PDF.

Ingahlanganiswa ngokuqondile ezinhlelweni zokusebenzisana nokugeleza komsebenzi, njenge-Lark Multidimensional Tables kanye ne-Kouzi Workflow.

Ngale ndlela, abasebenzi bangadlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo ngokuchofoza okukodwa, futhi inqubo ikhunjuzwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi irekhodwe.

Uma ama-SOP "ezenzakalela," ukubulawa kwawo akusadingi ukwaziswa komuntu.

V. Isifanekiso se-SOP esisezingeni eliphezulu: Vele usigcwalise futhi sizosetshenziswa.

Isifanekiso esihle singaphinda kabili izinga lokubulawa.

Ngezansi isakhiwo esivamile se-SOP esisezingeni eliphezulu:

1. Indawo Yolwazi Oluyisisekelo

Rekhoda igama le-SOP, umnyango osebenzayo, umuntu oyidalile, idethi yokuqala, kanye nokubuyekeza imvamisa.

Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi inguqulo ngayinye iyalandeleka futhi kuvimbela isiphithiphithi.

2. Imigomo Nokubaluleka

Chaza inhloso kanye namamethrikhi angumongo, njengokuthi "ukunciphisa izinga lephutha", "ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuguqulwa", "nokufinyeza umjikelezo wokulethwa".

3. Uhlolojikelele Lwenqubo

Dweba uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ukusuka ekuqaleni kuye ekugcineni, ukhombise umuntu ophethe, amathuluzi, kanye nokuphumayo kwesinyathelo ngasinye.

Isibonelo: I-oda lezindawo zekhasimende → Uhlelo lukhiqiza i-oda → I-Warehouse iqinisekisa uhlu → Ukupakisha → Ukuthunyelwa → Ukulandelela isevisi yekhasimende.

4. Izimo Nezimpendulo Ezingavamile

Lungiselela uhlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo kusenesikhathi "lokumele ukwenze uma iphahlazeka".

Ngokuphahlazeka kwesistimu, ukuphela kwesitoko, nezikhalazo zamakhasimende, sicela uchaze ngasinye ngokucacile: imbangela + yokusingatha inqubo + umuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo.

5. Indlela Yokusebenzisa Nokwengamela

Kufanele kube nenqubo yokuhlola, njengokuthi "ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yamasonto onke, imihlangano yanyanga zonke yokuxoxisana, kanye nezibuyekezo zokuqeqeshwa zekota".

6. Indlela yokwenza kahle eqhubekayo

Ama-SOP awawona amadokhumenti esikhathi esisodwa; kufanele bafane...软件Futhi banezinombolo zenguqulo: v1.0, v1.1, v1.2...

Ukubuyekeza ngakunye nokubuyekeza kusiza ukwenza inqubo isebenze kahle.

VI. Amasu Athuthukile Okwenza I-SOP Injini Yokukhula

Uma i-SOP isingenziwa kahle, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuyenza ikhiqize "amandla okukhula".

1. I-SOP ye-Retrospective

Konke ukubuyekezwa kufanele kufake irekhodi lokuthuthuka, elizoba yingxenye yesisekelo solwazi seqembu.

Uma izinkinga zingaphindi, ukusebenza kahle ngokwemvelo kuyathuthuka.

2. I-SOP esekelwe ekufundeni

Isipiliyoni sokubulala siguqulwa sibe izinto zokuqeqesha, ukuze abasanda kungena bafunde ngokuqondile ngokulandela inqubo futhi baqale ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isikhathi sokulungisa.

3. I-SOP egxile ekukhuleni

Lungiselela ngokuqhubekayo izinqubo ngedatha ukuze uguqule ukumisa kube yinzuzo.

Kusukela "ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile" kuya "kukuthuthukiswa kobuchule nokukhula," lokhu ukuvela kokugcina kwe-SOP.

VII. Amathiphu Okusebenzisa

• Ukuzivocavoca kuqalaUkwenza ukuthi iqembu liqhube inqubo ngokwalo kusebenza kangcono kunokuchaza ithiyori izikhathi eziyi-100.
• Ukushumeka ithuluziYenza ama-SOP abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuhamba komsebenzi futhi wenze ukwenza kwawo kube ngokwemvelo.
• Ukubuyekeza okuvamileThola indawo ebambekayo ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi uyilungise isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
• Indlela yokukhuthazaAmaqembu okudumisa futhi aklomelise esidlangalaleni ngamandla okusebenzisa aqinile.

Ama-SOP awazona nje izinqubo eziyisicefe; ziyinhlanganisela yokusebenza kahle nesiko.

Lapho izinqubo ziba imikhuba, ukukhula kuba yinto engenakugwenywa.

Sengiphetha, ama-SOP "awuhlelo olusebenzayo lwenkampani."

Esimweni sanamuhla samabhizinisi esincintisana ngokwandayo, izinkampani azesabi ukuntula imibono, kodwa kunalokho zintula ikhono lokuyenza.

I-SOP "isistimu yomyalo" eshintsha isu libe isenzo.

I-SOP yezinga eliphezulu ayiphathelene "nokubhala inqwaba yemithetho," kodwa imayelana "nokubhala ipulani yesenzo esiletha imiphumela."

Ixhuma abantu, amathuluzi, nemiphumela, ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi asuke ezinxushunxushwini aye ekukhuleni okuphindaphindekayo.

Enkathini lapho ukusebenza kahle kubusa kakhulu, noma ubani oyingcweti yokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa Izinqubo Zokusebenza Ezijwayelekile (ama-SOP) angasebenzisa amasistimu ukuze anqobe inhlanhla.

Isifinyezo sokugcina:

• Umnyombo we-SOP osezingeni eliphezulu ulele "ekumisweni kokwakhiwa, ukwenziwa, kanye nokwenza kahle".
• Ngokuhlukanisa izenzo, izimo, kanye nezibopho, isinyathelo ngasinye siyacaca futhi silandeleke.
• Sebenzisa ama-drill, idatha, namathuluzi ukuze usebenzise ngempela ama-SOP.
• Hlala ubuyekeza futhi uthuthukise izinqubo ukuze uzenze injini yokukhula yenkampani.

Isifinyezo ngomusho owodwa:

Vumela ama-SOP asuke kumafolda aye ezinkambisweni zansuku zonke zabasebenzi, vumela izindinganiso zihumushele ekusebenzeni kahle, futhi uvumele izinqubo zihumushele ekubeni inzuzo.

Izenzo zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu kunamadokhumenti. Kusukela namuhla, bhala i-Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) esebenzayo.