Iqoqo lomyalo wokubuka ulwazi lwesistimu ye-Linux

Linuxumyalo wokubuka ulwazi lwesistimu

【uhlelo】

uname -a
#Buka imininingwane ye-kernel/OS/CPU

head -n 1 /etc/issue
#Bheka inguqulo yesistimu yokusebenza

cat /proc/cpuinfo
#Buka imininingwane ye-CPU

hostname
#Buka igama lekhompyutha

lspci -tv
#Faka wonke amadivayisi we-PCI

lsusb -tv
#Faka kuhlu zonke izisetshenziswa ze-USB

lsmod
#Faka uhlu lwamamojula alayishiwe e-kernel

env
#Buka okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo

【insiza】

* Amadokhumenti: https://help.ubuntu.com/

impande@ubuntu-512mb-sfo1-01:~# free -m
amabhafa amahhala asetshenzisiwe afakwe kunqolobane
Inombolo: 494 227 266 0 10 185
-/+ amabhafa/inqolobane: 31 462
Shintshanisa: 0 Buza 0 0

impande@ubuntu-512mb-sfo1-01:~# grep MemFree /proc/meminfo
I-MemFree: 272820 kB

free -m
# Buka ukusetshenziswa kwememori nokushintshanisa ukusetshenziswa

df -h
# Buka ukusetshenziswa kokwahlukanisa ngakunye

du -sh <目录名>
#Buka usayizi wenkomba eshiwo

find . -type f -size +100M
#Thola amafayela angaphezu kuka-100M

find . -type f -print |wc -l
#Bala inani lamafayela kuhla lwemibhalo lwamanje

grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
#Buka inani eliphelele lememori

grep MemFree /proc/meminfo
#Hlola inani lenkumbulo yamahhala

uptime
#Buka isikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, inani labasebenzisi, layisha

cat /proc/loadavg
#Buka umthwalo wesistimu

【Amadiski nama-partitions】

mount | column -t
#Buka isimo sokuhlukanisa esinamathiselwe

ikhodi>fdisk -l

# Buka zonke iziqephu

swapon -s
# Buka zonke izingxenye zokushintshanisa

hdparm -i /dev/hda
#Buka imingcele yediski (kuphela kumadivayisi we-IDE)

dmesg | grep IDE
#Buka isimo sokutholwa kwedivayisi ye-IDE ekuqaleni

【inethiwekhi】

ifconfig
#Buka izici zazo zonke izixhumanisi zenethiwekhi

iptables -L
#Buka izilungiselelo ze-firewall

route -n
#Buka ithebula lomzila

netstat -lntp
# Buka zonke izimbobo zokulalela

netstat -antp
# Buka zonke izixhumanisi ezifakiwe

netstat -s
#Buka izibalo zenethiwekhi

【inqubo】

cat /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max
Buka inombolo enkulu yochungechunge oluvunyelwe uhlelo

cat /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max
Buka inombolo enkulu yezinqubo ezivunyelwe uhlelo

ps -ef
# buka zonke izinqubo

top
# Bonisa isimo senqubo ngesikhathi sangempela

ll /proc/PID/fd/
#Uma inqubo ithatha i-CPU eningi, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa umyalo othi ll/proc/PID/fd/ ukuze uyithole, uma ungayitholi, ithole izikhathi ezimbalwa ezengeziwe.

【umsebenzisi】

w
#Buka abasebenzisi abasebenzayo

id <用户名>
#Buka imininingwane yomsebenzisi eshiwo

last
#Buka igama lokungena lomsebenzisi

cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
# Buka bonke abasebenzisi bohlelo

cut -d: -f1 /etc/group
#Buka wonke amaqembu ohlelweni

i-crontab -l
#Buka imisebenzi ehleliwe yomsebenzisi wamanje

【Khonza】

chkconfig --list
#Faka ohlwini zonke izinsiza zesistimu

chkconfig --list | grep on
#Faka ohlwini zonke izinsiza zesistimu eziqalisiwe

##【CentOS Umbuzo wenguqulo yesevisi]
Umyalo wombuzo wenguqulo yesevisi ye-CentOS:

1. Hlola inguqulo ye-Linux Kernel
uname -r

2. Hlola inguqulo ye-CentOS
cat /etc/redhat-release

3. Hlola inguqulo ye-PHP
php -v

4. Buka MySQL Inguqulo
mysql -v

5. Hlola inguqulo ye-Apache
rpm -qa httpd

6. Buka ulwazi lwe-CPU lwamanje
cat /proc/cpuinfo

7. Hlola i-cpu frequency yamanje
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep MHz

【uhlelo】

rpm -qa
# buka konke okufakiwe软件Iphakheji

#Qalisa kabusha umyalo wezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile
service memcached restart

service monit restart
service mysqld restart
service mysql restart
service httpd restart

monit start all

service nginx restart

#qala kabusha i-CWP
service cwpsrv restart

# qala kabusha ku-memcached
service memcached restart
service memcached start
service memcached stop

#Qala kabusha i-memcached
chkconfig memcached on

Qala kabusha i-httpd ukuze wenze ikhodi isebenze umyalo:
service httpd restart
service httpd start
service httpd stop

chkconfig httpd on

layisha kabusha umyalo we-httpd:
service httpd force-reload
service httpd reload

Umyalo wokuqalisa kabusha i-Nginx:
/etc/init.d/nginxd restart

service nginxd force-reload
service nginxd reload
service nginxd restart

php-fpm umyalo wokuqala kabusha:
/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
service php-fpm restart
service php-fpm start

Faka kabusha i-php-fpm:
sudo yum reinstall php-fpm

service mysql restart
service mysqld restart

service mysql stop
service mysqld stop

service mysql start
service mysqld start

Sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo ukuze ubone ukusetshenziswa kwememori futhi usebenze izinga lokusebenzisa inkumbulo:
free -m
ps -eo pmem,pcpu,rss,vsize,args | sort -k 1 -r | less

mysql_upgrade ikhipha imiyalo elandelayo ukuhlola nokulungisa amatafula nokuthuthukisa amathebula esistimu:
mysqlcheck --all-databases --check-upgrade --auto-repair

Vala umyalo we-MySQL:
killall mysqld

Buka inqubo ye-mysql:
ps -ef|grep mysqld
watch -n 1 "ps -ef | grep mysql"

pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/centos-cwl.pid

Indlela yefayela le-PID ye-MYSQL, i-KLOXO-MR ingabukwa ngephaneli yokulawula "inqubo":
pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/centos-512mb-sfo1-01.pid
pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/xxxx.pid

noma umyalo we-SSH "ps -ef" ukuze ubone zonke izinqubo:
check process apache with pidfile /usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid
check process mysql with pidfile /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Ungangeza lo mugqa ku-/etc/crontab ukuze uqale umyalo njalo ngomzuzu ukuze uhlole isimo se-mysql:
* * * * * /sbin/service mysql status || service mysql start

【Qapha umyalo】

monit isiqalo esijwayelekile, yeka, qala kabusha imiyalo:
/etc/init.d/monit start
/etc/init.d/monit stop
/etc/init.d/monit restart

monitQaphela:
Njengoba i-monit isethwe njengenqubo ye-daemon, futhi izilungiselelo eziqala ngesistimu zengezwa ku-inittab, uma inqubo ye-monit ima, inqubo ye-init izoyiqala kabusha, futhi i-monit iqaphe ezinye izinkonzo, okusho ukuthi i-monit monitors Services ayikwazi yeka ukusebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile, ngoba uma imisiwe, i-monit izophinda iziqalise.

Ukumisa isevisi eqashwe yi-monit, umyalo ofana negama le-monit stop kufanele kusetshenziswe, isibonelo ukumisa i-tomcat:
monit stop tomcat

Ukumisa zonke izinsiza ezigadwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-monit:
monit stop all

Ukuqala isevisi ungasebenzisa umyalo we-monit stop name,

Ukuqala konke yilokhu:
monit start all

Setha i-monit ukuthi iqale ngesistimu futhi uyengeze ekugcineni kwefayela /etc/inittab
# Qalisa i-monit kumazinga ajwayelekile wokugijima
mo:2345:respawn:/usr/local/bin/monit -Ic /etc/monitrc

Khipha i-monit:
yum remove monit

【Landa futhi unciphise ukucindezela】

Ilayisha ukufaneleka kwedivayisi ... wordpress Inguqulo yakamuva
wget http://zh.wordpress.org/latest-zh_CN.tar.gz

vula unzip
tar zxvf latest-zh_CN.tar.gz

Hambisa amafayela kufolda ye-wordpress (umzila ophelele) uwayise endaweni yamanje yohla lwemibhalo
mv wordpress/* .

Hambisa /cgi-bin lwemibhalo kuhla lwemibhalo lwamanje
$mv wwwroot/cgi-bin .

Kopisha wonke amafayela kuhla lwemibhalo lwamanje kuhla lwemibhalo lwangaphambilini
cp -rpf -f * ../

Ungamisa kanjani/uqalise kabusha/uqale kabusha insizakalo ye-redis?
Uma ufake i-redis nge-apt-get noma i-yum install, ungamisa/uqale/uqalise kabusha i-redis ngqo ngemiyalo elandelayo
/etc/init.d/redis-server stop
/etc/init.d/redis-server start
/etc/init.d/redis-server restart
/etc/init.d/redis restart

Uma ufake i-redis kusuka kukhodi yomthombo, ungaqala kabusha kabusha ngokusebenzisa umyalo wokuvala shaqa we-redis-cli, uhlelo lweklayenti lwe-redis:
redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 shutdown

Uma kungekho neyodwa yezindlela ezingenhla ephumelelayo ukumisa i-redis, ungasebenzisa isikhali esiphezulu:
kill -9

[Buka umyalo wendawo yefayela]

Bona ukuthi ifayela lokucushwa le-PHP libekwe kuphi:
Sebenzisa i-phpinfo ukuze ubone ukuthi uma umsebenzi uvinjelwe, uwenze ngaphansi kwegobolondo
php -v / -name php.ini
或者
find / -name php.ini

Ngokuvamile, lapho i-linux ifakwe kancane, i-wget ngeke ifakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
yum ukufaka
yum -y install wget

Ukuthuthukiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwesistimu kuyasebenza futhi i-yum ikhiyiwe.
Ungaphoqa inqubo ye-yum ukuthi ivale:
rm -f /var/run/yum.pid

Ihlola i-perl...I-Perl ayitholakalanga kusistimu yakho: Sicela ufake i-perl bese uzama i-again
Ngokusobala, i-perl idinga ukufakwa. Umyalo wokufaka we-perl umi kanje:
yum -y install perl perl*

[Imiyalo ye-SSH yephaneli yokulawula ye-Kloxo-MR]

Lapho ufaka itimu noma i-plugin, iyahluleka ngokuthi "Ayikwazi ukudala uhla lwemibhalo"
Isixazululo: shintsha kabusha izimvume ze-plugin yetimu ye-wp nefolda yokulayisha
Ngokuvikeleka kweseva, izimvume ze-777 azikwazi ukunikezwa zonke, inqobo nje uma lezi zinkomba zinikezwa izimvume ezingama-755, umnikazi kuphela onemvume yokubhala.

Uma usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
sh /script/fix-chownchmod

I-Kloxo-MR izozama ukubuyekeza ubunikazi nezimvume kumafayela nezinkomba kumsuka wedokhumenti yesayithi

Iphaneli yokulawula ye-Kloxo-MR: Iya ku- "admin> Server> (localhost)> Ikheli le-IP> Phinda ufunde i-IP".

Isibuyekezo seseva
Buyekeza iseva ibe yinguqulo yakamuva
yum -y update

Indlela engenhla izanywe izikhathi eziningi, kodwa kusenenkinga, sicela ufake umyalo olandelayo wokulungisa:
yum clean all; yum update -y; sh /script/cleanup

(Esibuyekezweni sohlelo, hamba uyodla ngemva kwesikhashana bese uyabuya uzohlola, uvuseleleufo.org.in, img.ufoAmakhasi .org.in abuyele kokujwayelekile)

yum clean all; yum update -y; sh /script/cleanup
service httpd restart

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amarekhodi e-dns afakiwe "izibalo", ngemuva kokubuyekeza i-yum clean all; yum update -y; sh /script/cleanup, qiniseka ukuthi uyasebenza:
sh /script/fixdnsaddstatsrecord

Thuthukisa i-Kloxo-MR:
yum clean all; yum update kloxomr7 -y; yum update -y

Faka kabusha i-Kloxo-MR:
Uma engekho amaphutha atholakele, zama umyalo olandelayo:
sh /script/upcp -y