Kalozera wa Nkhani
Kodi seva imodzi yomwe imayendetsa mawebusayiti angapo a WordPress omwe amagawana Memcached imayambitsa mavuto pakulemba deta kapena kulumikizana?
Nkhaniyi ikupereka chitsogozo cha sitepe ndi sitepe cha momwe mungapatulire bwino deta ya transient ndi object cache m'mawebusayiti osiyanasiyana pokonza prefix yosiyana ya cache (WP_CACHE_KEY_SALT) ndi ma script a object cache.
100% imachotsa kusamvana kwa deta, kulola mawebusayiti ambiri kusangalala ndi nthawi yofulumira kukumbukira zinthu, ndipo imaphatikizapo malangizo achitetezo kuti apewe mavuto m'malo opangira zinthu!
Masiku angapo apitawo, mnzanga anandifunsa za mawebusayiti ake atatu a WordPress omwe akuyenda pa seva yake. Ankafuna kukonza Memcached kuti iwathandize mwachangu, koma ankada nkhawa kuti detayo ingasokonezeke.
Ndinaseka nthawi imeneyo chifukwa inenso ndinali nditagwera mumsampha umenewu.
Kunena zoona, Memcached ndi yosavuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa patsamba limodzi, koma zimakhala zosangalatsa pankhani ya masamba angapo omwe amakhala pamodzi. Chifukwa chiyani?
Mwachisawawa, Memcached imayika ma cache a mawebusayiti onse osakhalitsa komanso object m'gulu lomwelo. Tangoganizirani ngati mawebusayiti A ndi B agwiritsa ntchito kiyi yomweyo ya cache—zimenezo zingayambitse chisokonezo. Deta ya A ingasinthe mwachindunji ma B, ndipo mawebusayiti awiriwa angayambe "kusokoneza" deta ya wina ndi mnzake.
Zimene ndinakumana nazo zinali zoseketsa kwambiri: tsamba la tsatanetsatane wa malonda patsamba la e-commerce linali kuwonetsa zomwe zili munkhani yochokera patsamba lina la blog. Ndinadabwa kwambiri, ndikuganiza kuti, "Ichi ndi chiyani?!"
Zinanditengera usiku wonse kuti ndimvetse bwino nkhaniyi; zinapezeka kuti panali mkangano wokhudza makiyi obisika.
Kotero lero ndikugawana njira yanga yosinthira zinthu ndi chiyembekezo choti ingathandize anzathu omwe ali ndi zosowa zomwezo. Ndikuifufuzabe ndekha, ndipo malingaliro anga ena mwina sanapangidwe mokwanira, koma njira iyi yandithandiza bwino.
Kukonzekera malo ogwirira ntchito pa seva
Musanayambe kukonza WordPress, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti seva ili ndi ntchito ya Memcached ndi extension ya PHP Memcached yomwe yayikidwa.
Kodi ndingayike bwanji Memcached pogwiritsa ntchito HestiaCP?
Mwachitsanzo, Ubuntu umangokhala ndi mizere itatu yokha ya malamulo.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install memcached php-memcached
sudo systemctl restart php8.x-fpm # 根据你的 PHP 版本改Mukamaliza kukhazikitsa, kumbukirani kuwona ngati ntchito ya Memcached ikuyenda.
sudo systemctl status memcachedNgati muwona "yogwira ntchito (yothamanga)," zikutanthauza kuti palibe vuto.
Dziwani kuti mayina a phukusi angasiyane m'machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Pa machitidwe ozikidwa pa Debian, lamuloli nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito; komabe, pa CentOS kapena magawo ena, mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito yum kapena dnf kuti muyike.
Panthawiyo ndinali kugwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu 20.04, ndipo njira yonseyi inayenda bwino.
Ntchito yaikulu: Konzani prefix ya cache
Gawo ili ndi moyo wa kasinthidwe konsekonse komanso chinsinsi chopewera kusokonezeka kwa deta.
Muyenera kuwonjezera chiganizo chapadera cha cache ku fayilo ya wp-config.php mu chikwatu cha mizu ya tsamba lililonse la WordPress.
Tsegulani fayilo ya wp-config.php ya tsamba loyamba lawebusayiti ndikupeza mzere uwu wa ndemanga.
/* That's all, stop editing! Happy blogging. */Onjezani pamwamba pa mzerewu
// 网站 A 的配置
define( 'WP_CACHE_KEY_SALT', 'site1_unique_string_' );Kenako tsegulani fayilo ya wp-config.php patsamba lachiwiri ndikuwonjezera kasinthidwe kofanana.
// 网站 B 的配置
define( 'WP_CACHE_KEY_SALT', 'site2_unique_string_' );Ndikukuuzani, chingwe chotsatira WP_CACHE_KEY_SALT chiyenera kukhala chapadera kwambiri . Ndikupangira kuti mugwiritse ntchito dzina la domain kapena chidule cha tsamba lanu, monga site1_com_ kapena site2_net_.
Ndinali waulesi ndipo ndinkagwiritsa ntchito manambala, koma patatha miyezi itatu ndinaiwala kotheratu kuti ndi nambala iti yomwe ikugwirizana ndi tsamba liti, ndipo ndinayenera kuwafufuza limodzi ndi limodzi, zomwe zinandipweteka kwambiri.
Taganizirani izi: Memcached imagwira ntchito posunga ndi kupeza deta kutengera makiyi a cache. Ngati muyika prefix yapadera patsamba lililonse, deta yawo idzalekanitsidwa mwachibadwa ndipo sidzasokonezana.
Izi zili ngati kupatsa tsamba lililonse loko yakeyake. Ngakhale kuti onse ali m'chipinda chimodzi, makiyi ndi osiyana, kotero deta sidzasokonezeka.
Yambitsani kusunga zinthu
Mukakonza chiganizo choyamba, gawo lotsatira ndikulola WordPress kugwiritsa ntchito Memcached.
Pali njira ziwiri apa, ndipo ndayesa zonse ziwiri. Chilichonse chili ndi ubwino wake.
Njira 1: Njira yowonjezera (yopanda mavuto ambiri)
Lowani mu gulu la admin la WordPress ndikuyika pulogalamu yowonjezera yosungira yomwe imathandizira Memcached.
Ndikupangira kugwiritsa ntchito W3 Total Cache ; ndi yokhazikika. Mukayika, muzosintha za plugin, sankhani Memcached ngati mtundu wa cache, lembani 127.0.0.1 ya seva, ndi doko lokhazikika 11211, kenako sungani.
Ngati mukufuna njira yoyera, mutha kukhazikitsa mwachindunji pulogalamu yowonjezera ya Memcached Object Cache , yomwe yaperekedwa pantchitoyi ndipo ilibe ntchito zina zosiyanasiyana.
Kunena zoona, poyamba ndimaganiza kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu yowonjezera inali yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ndi yosavuta. Koma pambuyo pake ndinapeza kuti mapulogalamu ena amabwera ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe sindikufuna, ndipo nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi nkhawa ndi zosintha, ndikuwopa kuti mwadzidzidzi angawonjezere zina zomwe zingasokoneze kasinthidwe kanga.
Njira yachiwiri: Gwiritsani ntchito pamanja object-cache.php (yosavuta kulamulira)
Ngati ndinu munthu wokonda zinthu zangwiro ngati ine ndipo simukufuna kuyika mapulagini ambiri, mungagwiritse ntchito njira iyi.
Tsitsani pulogalamu yowonjezera ya Memcached Object Cache kuchokera ku malo ovomerezeka a WordPress plugin, kapena pezani fayilo yaposachedwa ya object-cache.php pa GitHub. Kenako, tsitsani fayilo ya object-cache.php yochotsedwayo ku chikwatu cha wp-content patsamba lililonse kudzera pa FTP kapena SSH.
Dziwani kuti ndi chikwatu cha mizu cha wp-content, osati chikwatu cha mapulagini.
Mukayika, WordPress idzazindikira yokha ndikuyambitsa cache. Simukuyenera kukonza chilichonse, chifukwa idzawerenga WP_CACHE_KEY_SALT yomwe mudayika kale mu wp-config.php.
Ndinkafuna kusunga nthawi, choncho ndinagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi makamaka chifukwa ndi yotheka kuiwongolera. Ngati vuto litabuka, ndimadziwa komwe ndingapeze mayankho, ndipo sindidzadabwa ndi zosintha za pulogalamu yowonjezera zokha.
Onetsetsani kuti kasinthidwe kake ndi kogwira ntchito.
Mukamaliza kukonzekera chitsanzocho, mudzafuna kudziwa ngati chinayenda bwino, sichoncho?
Njira yosavuta ndiyo kuyang'ana momwe Memcached ilili. Lumikizani pogwiritsa ntchito zida za telnet kapena nc.
echo "stats" | nc 127.0.0.1 11211Kenako mudzawona ziwerengero zambiri. Yang'anirani kwambiri zomwe zili mu `cmd_set` ndi `get_hits`, ndikutsitsimutsanso tsamba kangapo kuti muwone ngati zikuwonjezeka. Ngati zikuwonjezeka, zikutanthauza kuti cache ikugwira ntchito bwino.
Njira ina yosavuta yotsimikizira izi ndikutsegula mawebusayiti onse awiri nthawi imodzi ndikuwona ngati akusokonezana. Ngati tsamba A silikuwonetsa zomwe zili patsamba B, ndiye kuti zikutanthauza kuti mawu oyamba akugwira ntchito.
Ndinachita mayeso ovuta kwambiri panthawiyo. Ndinayika ma transient values osiyanasiyana pa mawebusayiti awiri osiyana kenako ndinagwiritsa ntchito chida cha nc kuti ndifufuze mwachindunji deta mu Memcached. Ndinkatha kuwona ma key-value awiri okhala ndi ma prefixes osiyanasiyana, popanda chisokonezo konse.
Panthawiyo, ndinamva ngati ndachita chinthu chachikulu, ndipo kungoganizira za icho kumandipangitsa kumva bwino kwambiri.
Musanyalanyaze nkhani za chitetezo
Popeza mawebusayiti onse ali ndi Memcached instance imodzi, pali chiopsezo chachitetezo chomwe muyenera kudziwa.
Mwachidule, ngati ogwiritsa ntchito ena ali pa seva, akhoza kuwerenga deta yanu yosungidwa kudzera pa doko lapafupi. Ngakhale izi zimafuna luso linalake, nthawi zonse ndi bwino kusamala.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yanu ya Memcached sikumvera ma IP adilesi a anthu onse . Onetsetsani kuti mzerewu ulipo mu fayilo yosinthira ya `/etc/memcached.conf`.
-l 127.0.0.1Mwanjira imeneyi, Memcached idzangomvera adilesi ya loopback yakomweko ndipo sidzapezeka kuchokera kunja.
Ngati muli ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo, kapena ngati seva yanu ili ndi mawebusayiti omwe ogwiritsa ntchito ena sakusangalala nawo, ndikupangira kuti muganizire kugwiritsa ntchito Redis m'malo mwa Memcached. Redis imathandizira kusiyanitsa ma database ambiri komanso kutsimikizira mawu achinsinsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yotetezeka kwambiri.
Komabe, Redis ndi yovuta pang'ono kuyikonza kuposa Memcached. Ngati mukungogwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zanu kapena zamagulu ang'onoang'ono, Memcached yokhala ndi malire omvetsera a 127.0.0.1 ndiyokwanira.
Mavuto ena omwe akumana nawo
Pomaliza, ndiloleni ndikuuzeni mavuto angapo omwe ndakumana nawo, ndikuyembekeza kukuthandizani kupewa njira zina zodutsira.
Onetsetsani kuti mtundu wanu wa PHP extension ukugwirizana . Ndinakumanapo ndi vuto lomwe ndinayika php-memcached extension, koma WordPress sinazindikire. Pambuyo pake ndinapeza kuti chinali chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mtundu wa PHP. Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana mosamala mtundu wanu wa PHP mukayika zowonjezera kuti mupewe kuyika zolakwika.
Onetsetsani kuti mwapeza njira yopita ku fayilo ya object-cache.php molondola . Iyenera kuyikidwa mu root directory ya wp-content, osati mu plugins directory. Mnzanga wina adayiyika pamalo olakwika ndipo anakhala nthawi yayitali akuyesera kuikonza koma osapambana.
Musagwiritse ntchito zingwe zazifupi pa chiganizo chanu cha cache . Poyamba ndinkagwiritsa ntchito zingwe monga a_ ndi b_, koma ndinapeza kuti zinali zazifupi kwambiri ndipo zimasemphana mosavuta ndi makiyi a cache opangidwa ndi WordPress. Gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zosachepera zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu kapena chidule cha domain.
Mukachotsa posungira, kumbukirani kuchotsa posungira mawebusayiti onse awiri . Nthawi ina, ndinachotsa posungira tsamba limodzi lokha, koma tsamba linalo linasungabe deta yakale, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mawebusayiti awiriwa asagwirizane. Zinanditengera nthawi yayitali kuti ndipeze vutoli.
Kunena zoona, sindikudziwa ngati zochitikazi zingathandize aliyense, koma ndazigawana mosakayikira.
Lembani pamapeto
Kukonza Memcached pamasamba angapo sikovuta kwenikweni; vuto lalikulu ndikusintha prefix ya cache. Komabe, vuto lalikulu ndi tsatanetsatane. Mavuto okhudzana ndi kufananiza mitundu, njira zamafayilo, ndi makonzedwe achitetezo angayambitse mavuto akulu.
Ndakhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi tsopano, ndikuyendetsa mawebusayiti atatu a WordPress, ndipo mpaka pano sindinakumanepo ndi mavuto akulu. Ngati mukuchita zofanana ndi zimenezi, mungafune kuyesa.
Mwa njira, ngati muli ndi njira zina zabwino zothetsera mavuto kapena mwakumana ndi mavuto aliwonse osangalatsa, musazengereze kusiya ndemanga ndikugawana. Ndikufuna kuphunzira kuchokera kwa inu.
Ndipotu, anthu akamadziwa zambiri za izi, anthu ochepa adzagwera mumsampha, sichoncho?
Popeza mwawerenga mpaka pano, ngati mwapeza kuti n’zothandiza, chonde kondani ndikugawana. Ngati mukufuna kulandira zosintha kaye, mutha kunditsatira!
Zikomo powerenga nkhani yanga. Tionananso nthawi ina.
Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yakuti "Momwe Mungagawire Memcached ndi Mawebusayiti Ambiri a WordPress pa Seva Imodzi? Buku Lotsogola Lothandizira Kupewa Zolakwika 100%" yogawidwa pa blog ya Chen Weiliang ( https://www.chenweiliang.com/ ) idzakuthandizani.
Khalani omasuka kugawana ulalo wa nkhaniyi: https://www.chenweiliang.com/cwl-34368.html