Kini iyato laarin CentOS6.5 ati 7?Bawo ni nipa yiyan ẹya CentOS7 kan?

Iyatọ nla julọ laarin CentOS 7 ati 6 wa ninu imọ-ẹrọ ibẹrẹ.

• Imọ-ẹrọ ibẹrẹ ti CentOS 7 lo jẹ Systemd.
• Ni afikun, ibẹrẹ iṣẹ, awọn faili ibẹrẹ, awọn aṣẹ nẹtiwọọki, ati bẹbẹ lọ, gbogbo ṣafihan iyatọ lati 6.

Ẹ jẹ́ kí a kọ́kọ́ lóye ìdàgbàsókè ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ CentOS nínú àwọn ètò Linux!

XNUMX. ọna ẹrọ ipilẹṣẹ eto

1. Sysvinit ọna ẹrọ
2. Upstart Technology
3. Imọ ọna ẹrọ

Sysvinit ọna ẹrọ

abuda:

• 1) Ilana akọkọ ti eto jẹ init;
• 2) Ilana init jẹ ilana obi ti gbogbo awọn ilana ati pe a ko le pa (pa);
• 3) Pupọ julọ awọn eto init pinpin Linux ni ibamu pẹlu SystemV, ti a pe ni sysvinti
• 4) Eto aṣoju: CentOS 5 CentOS 6

Anfani:

• Sysvinit ṣiṣẹ daradara ati imọran jẹ rọrun ati kedere.
• O da lori okeene iwe afọwọkọ ikarahun.

Àìlera:

• 1) Ṣiṣẹ ni aṣẹ kan pato -> Ibẹrẹ jẹ o lọra pupọ.
• 2) Rọrun pupọ lati idorikodo, fstab ati awọn ọran òke NFS.

Upstart Technology

CentOS 6 nlo SysVinit dipo imọ-ẹrọ bata lati bata.

Upstart's rc.sysinit akosile ni ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣapeye lati dinku akoko ibẹrẹ ibẹrẹ eto.

Sibẹsibẹ, lati ṣe irọrun awọn nkan fun awọn alabojuto, CentOS 6 ko ṣe afihan tabi ṣe atilẹyin fun ọpọlọpọ awọn ẹya tuntun.

Àwọn ètò ìṣàpẹẹrẹ: CentOS 6, Ubuntu 14.

• systemd ti lo lati CentOS 7, Ubuntu15.

Imọ ọna ẹrọ

Awọn imọ-ẹrọ ti a lo ninu eto tuntun (RedHat7, CentOS 7, Ubuntu15, ati bẹbẹ lọ)

• Idi ti apẹrẹ ni lati yanju awọn aito atilẹba ti sysvinit ati imunadoko iyara ibẹrẹ eto;
• Ni ibamu pẹlu Sysvinit, idinku iye owo awọn gbigbe;

Awọn anfani akọkọ:

1. ni afiwe ibere
2. Ṣiṣẹ ilana nipa lilo PID 1

XNUMX. Ti o dara ju ti yum orisun

Ni CentOS 6, aiyipada ni lati ṣe igbasilẹ awọn idii rpm lati awọn orisun osise.

• CentOS 7 jẹ iṣapeye nibi nitori iyara ti o lọra ti lilo awọn orisun ajeji.
• nigba ti a ba lo fi sori ẹrọSọfitiwiako ṣe igbasilẹ lati oju opo wẹẹbu osise nipasẹ aiyipada.
• Dipo, yoo rii orisun Yum ti o sunmọ ipo agbegbe rẹ laifọwọyi lati bẹrẹ igbasilẹ.

XNUMX. Òfin

Ti o ba yan iwonba (eyiti o kere julọ) nigbati o ba nfi eto naa sori ẹrọ, yoo fi sii ni package ti o kere ju awọn ẹya iṣaaju lọ.Fun apẹẹrẹ: VIM, lo ifconfig, ipa ọna, iṣeto lati ṣeto awọn paramita, netstat, ati bẹbẹ lọ.Ọpọlọpọ awọn aṣẹ ti lọ.

Lẹhin fifi sori ẹrọ eto, awọn idii wọnyi le ṣafikun:

yum install lrzsz tree net-tools nmap vim bash-completion lsof dos2unix nc telnet ntp wget rng-tools psmisc screen -y
#lrzsz
 支持用于上传和下载linux的windowns平台。
 可以在windowns远程连接工具上使用。
#net-tools
 CentOS  7.2.11
 默认没有ifconfig命令。网络工具提供了一些网络命令。
#bash-completion
 自动命令完成工具。
#rng-tools
 生成随机数字池的工具。
 有了这个工具，tomcat启动速度非常快。
#psmisc
 这包含killall命令。
#screen
 创建一个新窗口并将任务置于后台。

Ẹkẹrin, iyipada ohun kikọ silẹ

Profaili Ṣeto Ohun kikọ ▼

/etc/locale.conf 

Laini aṣẹ wa ni aaye ni igbesẹ kan ▼

[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl set-locale LANG = zh_CN.UTF-8
[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl status
System Locale: LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
VC Keymap: us
X11 Layout: us

XNUMX. Ibẹrẹ iṣakoso

/etc/rc.local 

Faili yii tun wa, ṣugbọn ti a ba fẹ tẹsiwaju lilo ọna yii, a nilo lati ṣafikun igbanilaaye ṣiṣe si rẹ ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Wo Ipo Iṣẹ ṣiṣe ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Pade awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe eto ▼

systemctl stop crond.service

Wo iṣẹ ti ipo naa ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Wo awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe lọwọlọwọ ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep enable 

Pa Iṣẹ meeli kuro ▼

systemctl disable postfix.service

Ṣayẹwo boya iṣẹ meeli ti ṣiṣẹ ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep postfix

Pa ogiriina naa ▼

systemctl stop firewalld.service

Bẹrẹ iṣẹ naa▼

systemctl is-enable

# Pa iṣẹ naa ▼

systemctl disable

Bẹrẹ pẹlu /etc/rc.d/rc.local/:

/etc/rc.d/rc.local ni CentOS 7 nilo lati ṣiṣẹ awọn aṣẹ wọnyi lati pese awọn igbanilaaye ṣiṣe ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Ẹẹfa, ipele ipele (ipele ṣiṣe)

/etc/inittab jẹ aropo ibi-afẹde eto aiṣedeede

• Nigbagbogbo wulo fun atẹle wiwọle

yipada si 5 ▼

systemctl get-default graphical.target

yipada si 3 ▼

systemctl get-default multi-user.target

Igba die ti o munadoko ▼

INIT3

Nikan marun runlevels ▼

[root@centos7 ~]# ls -lh /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel*.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target -> graphical.target 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target -> reboot.target

Meje, tunto yum koodu orisun

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

Orisun EPEL osise ▼

wget http://dl.fedorMaroject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm