Kini iyato laarin CentOS6.5 ati 7?Bawo ni nipa yiyan ẹya CentOS7 kan?

CentOS Iyatọ ti o tobi julọ laarin 7 ati 6 jẹ iyatọ ninu ilana ipilẹṣẹ.

• Imọ-ẹrọ ibẹrẹ ti CentOS 7 lo jẹ Systemd.
• Ni afikun, ibẹrẹ iṣẹ, awọn faili ibẹrẹ, awọn aṣẹ nẹtiwọọki, ati bẹbẹ lọ, gbogbo ṣafihan iyatọ lati 6.

Jẹ ki a kọkọ ni oye Linux Itankalẹ ti eto imọ-ẹrọ ibẹrẹ CentOS!

XNUMX. ọna ẹrọ ipilẹṣẹ eto

1. Sysvinit ọna ẹrọ
2. Upstart Technology
3. Imọ ọna ẹrọ

Sysvinit ọna ẹrọ

abuda:

• 1) Ilana akọkọ ti eto jẹ init;
• 2) Ilana init jẹ ilana obi ti gbogbo awọn ilana ati pe a ko le pa (pa);
• 3) Pupọ julọ awọn eto init pinpin Linux ni ibamu pẹlu SystemV, ti a pe ni sysvinti
• 4) Eto aṣoju: CentOS 5 CentOS 6

Anfani:

• Sysvinit ṣiṣẹ daradara ati imọran jẹ rọrun ati kedere.
• O da lori okeene iwe afọwọkọ ikarahun.

Àìlera:

• 1) Ṣiṣẹ ni aṣẹ kan pato -> Ibẹrẹ jẹ o lọra pupọ.
• 2) Rọrun pupọ lati idorikodo, fstab ati awọn ọran òke NFS.

Upstart Technology

CentOS 6 nlo SysVinit dipo imọ-ẹrọ bata lati bata.

Upstart's rc.sysinit akosile ni ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣapeye lati dinku akoko ibẹrẹ ibẹrẹ eto.

Sibẹsibẹ, lati ṣe irọrun awọn nkan fun awọn alabojuto, CentOS 6 ko ṣe afihan tabi ṣe atilẹyin fun ọpọlọpọ awọn ẹya tuntun.

Eto aṣoju:CentOS 6, Ubuntu 14.

• systemd ti lo lati CentOS 7, Ubuntu15.

Imọ ọna ẹrọ

Awọn imọ-ẹrọ ti a lo ninu eto tuntun (RedHat7, CentOS 7, Ubuntu15, ati bẹbẹ lọ)

• Idi ti apẹrẹ ni lati yanju awọn aito atilẹba ti sysvinit ati imunadoko iyara ibẹrẹ eto;
• Ni ibamu pẹlu Sysvinit, idinku iye owo awọn gbigbe;

Awọn anfani akọkọ:

1. ni afiwe ibere
2. Ṣiṣẹ ilana nipa lilo PID 1

XNUMX. Ti o dara ju ti yum orisun

Ni CentOS 6, aiyipada ni lati ṣe igbasilẹ awọn idii rpm lati awọn orisun osise.

• CentOS 7 jẹ iṣapeye nibi nitori iyara ti o lọra ti lilo awọn orisun ajeji.
• nigba ti a ba lo fi sori ẹrọSọfitiwiako ṣe igbasilẹ lati oju opo wẹẹbu osise nipasẹ aiyipada.
• Dipo, yoo rii orisun Yum ti o sunmọ ipo agbegbe rẹ laifọwọyi lati bẹrẹ igbasilẹ.

XNUMX. Òfin

Ti o ba yan iwonba (eyiti o kere julọ) nigbati o ba nfi eto naa sori ẹrọ, yoo fi sii ni package ti o kere ju awọn ẹya iṣaaju lọ.Fun apẹẹrẹ: VIM, lo ifconfig, ipa ọna, iṣeto lati ṣeto awọn paramita, netstat, ati bẹbẹ lọ.Ọpọlọpọ awọn aṣẹ ti lọ.

Lẹhin fifi sori ẹrọ eto, awọn idii wọnyi le ṣafikun:

yum install lrzsz tree net-tools nmap vim bash-completion lsof dos2unix nc telnet ntp wget rng-tools psmisc screen -y
#lrzsz
 支持用于上传和下载linux的windowns平台。
 可以在windowns远程连接工具上使用。
#net-tools
 CentOS  7.2.11
 默认没有ifconfig命令。网络工具提供了一些网络命令。
#bash-completion
 自动命令完成工具。
#rng-tools
 生成随机数字池的工具。
 有了这个工具，tomcat启动速度非常快。
#psmisc
 这包含killall命令。
#screen
 创建一个新窗口并将任务置于后台。

Ẹkẹrin, iyipada ohun kikọ silẹ

Profaili Ṣeto Ohun kikọ ▼

/etc/locale.conf 

Laini aṣẹ wa ni aaye ni igbesẹ kan ▼

[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl set-locale LANG = zh_CN.UTF-8
[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl status
System Locale: LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
VC Keymap: us
X11 Layout: us

XNUMX. Ibẹrẹ iṣakoso

/etc/rc.local 

Faili yii tun wa, ṣugbọn ti a ba fẹ tẹsiwaju lilo ọna yii, a nilo lati ṣafikun igbanilaaye ṣiṣe si rẹ ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Wo Ipo Iṣẹ ṣiṣe ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Pade awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe eto ▼

systemctl stop crond.service

Wo iṣẹ ti ipo naa ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Wo awọn iṣẹ ṣiṣe lọwọlọwọ ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep enable 

Pa Iṣẹ meeli kuro ▼

systemctl disable postfix.service

Ṣayẹwo boya iṣẹ meeli ti ṣiṣẹ ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep postfix

Pa ogiriina naa ▼

systemctl stop firewalld.service

Bẹrẹ iṣẹ naa▼

systemctl is-enable

# Pa iṣẹ naa ▼

systemctl disable

Bẹrẹ pẹlu /etc/rc.d/rc.local/:

/etc/rc.d/rc.local ni CentOS 7 nilo lati ṣiṣẹ awọn aṣẹ wọnyi lati pese awọn igbanilaaye ṣiṣe ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Ẹẹfa, ipele ipele (ipele ṣiṣe)

/etc/inittab jẹ aropo ibi-afẹde eto aiṣedeede

• Nigbagbogbo wulo fun atẹle wiwọle

yipada si 5 ▼

systemctl get-default graphical.target

yipada si 3 ▼

systemctl get-default multi-user.target

Igba die ti o munadoko ▼

INIT3

Nikan marun runlevels ▼

[root@centos7 ~]# ls -lh /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel*.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target -> graphical.target 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target -> reboot.target

Meje, tunto yum koodu orisun

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

Orisun EPEL osise ▼

wget http://dl.fedorMaroject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm