Menene bambanci tsakanin CentOS6.5 da 7?Yaya game da zabar sigar CentOS7?

CentOS Babban bambanci tsakanin 7 da 6 shine bambanci a cikin fasahar farawa.

• Fasahar farawa da CentOS 7 ke amfani da ita ita ce Systemd.
• Bugu da ƙari, farawa sabis, fayilolin farawa boot, umarnin cibiyar sadarwa, da sauransu, duk suna nuna bambance-bambance daga 6.

Mu fara ganewa Linux Juyin tsarin fasaha na farko na CentOS!

XNUMX. Fasaha farkon tsarin

1. Sysvinit Technology
2. Fasaha ta Upstart
3. Fasahar tsari

Sysvinit Technology

sifa:

• 1) Tsarin farko na tsarin shine init;
• 2) Tsarin shigarwa shine tsarin iyaye na duk matakai kuma ba za a iya kashe shi ba (kashe);
• 3) Yawancin tsarin init rarraba Linux sun dace da SystemV, wanda ake kira sysvinti
• 4) Tsarin wakilci: CentOS 5 CentOS 6

Amfani:

• Sysvinit yana aiki da kyau kuma ra'ayi yana da sauƙi kuma bayyananne.
• Ya danganta da rubutun harsashi.

Rauni:

• 1) Kisa a cikin takamaiman tsari -> Farawa yayi jinkiri sosai.
• 2) Mai sauƙin ratayewa, fstab da batutuwan hawan NFS.

Fasaha ta Upstart

CentOS 6 yana amfani da SysVinit maimakon fasahar taya don taya.

Rubutun rc.sysinit na Upstart yana da haɓakawa da yawa don rage lokacin farawa tsarin.

Koyaya, don sauƙaƙe abubuwa don masu gudanarwa, CentOS 6 baya haskakawa ko kuma gabaɗaya yana goyan bayan sabbin abubuwa da yawa.

Tsarin wakilci:CentOS 6, Ubuntu 14.

• ana amfani da systemd tun CentOS 7, Ubuntu15.

Fasahar tsari

Fasaha da aka yi amfani da su a cikin sabon tsarin (RedHat7, CentOS 7, Ubuntu15, da sauransu)

• Manufar ƙira shine don magance ƙarancin asali na sysvinit kuma yadda ya kamata inganta saurin farawa tsarin;
• Mai jituwa tare da Sysvinit, rage farashin canja wuri;

Babban fa'ida:

1. a layi daya farawa
2. Gudanar da tsari ta amfani da PID 1

XNUMX. Inganta yum tushen

A cikin CentOS 6, tsoho shine zazzage fakitin rpm daga tushen hukuma.

• An inganta CentOS 7 a nan saboda jinkirin saurin amfani da albarkatun waje.
• lokacin da muke amfani da install软件ba a sake saukewa daga gidan yanar gizon hukuma ta tsohuwa.
• Madadin haka, ta atomatik za ta nemo tushen Yum mafi kusa da wurin wurinsa don fara saukewa.

XNUMX. Umurni

Idan ka zaɓi mafi ƙanƙanta (mafi ƙanƙanta) lokacin shigar da tsarin, za a shigar da shi a cikin ƙaramin kunshin fiye da sigogin baya.Misali: VIM, yi amfani da ifconfig, sarrafa hanya, saitin don saita sigogi, netstat, da sauransu.Umurnai da yawa sun tafi.

Bayan shigar da tsarin, ana iya ƙara fakiti masu zuwa:

yum install lrzsz tree net-tools nmap vim bash-completion lsof dos2unix nc telnet ntp wget rng-tools psmisc screen -y
#lrzsz
 支持用于上传和下载linux的windowns平台。
 可以在windowns远程连接工具上使用。
#net-tools
 CentOS  7.2.11
 默认没有ifconfig命令。网络工具提供了一些网络命令。
#bash-completion
 自动命令完成工具。
#rng-tools
 生成随机数字池的工具。
 有了这个工具，tomcat启动速度非常快。
#psmisc
 这包含killall命令。
#screen
 创建一个新窗口并将任务置于后台。

Na hudu, gyare-gyaren saiti

Bayanan Bayanin Halaye ▼

/etc/locale.conf 

Layin umarni yana nan a cikin mataki ɗaya kawai ▼

[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl set-locale LANG = zh_CN.UTF-8
[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl status
System Locale: LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
VC Keymap: us
X11 Layout: us

XNUMX. Gudanar da farawa

/etc/rc.local 

Har yanzu wannan fayil ɗin yana nan, amma idan muna son ci gaba da amfani da wannan hanyar, muna buƙatar ƙara aiwatar da izini gare shi ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Duba Matsayin Aikin da Aka Tsara ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Rufe ayyukan da aka tsara ▼

systemctl stop crond.service

Dubi aikin halin da ake ciki ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Duba ayyukan da ke gudana a halin yanzu ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep enable 

Kashe Sabis na Wasiku ▼

systemctl disable postfix.service

Bincika idan an kunna sabis na wasiku ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep postfix

Kashe Tacewar zaɓi ▼

systemctl stop firewalld.service

Fara sabis ▼

systemctl is-enable

# sabis na kusa ▼

systemctl disable

Fara da /etc/rc.d/rc.local/:

/etc/rc.d/rc.local a cikin CentOS 7 yana buƙatar aiwatar da umarni masu zuwa don samar da izini masu aiwatarwa ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Shida, runlevel (matakin gudu)

/etc/inittab shine maye gurbin tsarin da ba daidai ba

• Koyaushe yana aiki don shiga na gaba

canza zuwa 5 ▼

systemctl get-default graphical.target

canza zuwa 3 ▼

systemctl get-default multi-user.target

Tasirin ɗan lokaci ▼

INIT3

Matakan gudu guda biyar kawai ▼

[root@centos7 ~]# ls -lh /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel*.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target -> graphical.target 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target -> reboot.target

Bakwai, saita yum source code

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

Asalin asalin EPEL ▼

wget http://dl.fedorMaroject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm