I-CentOS iwangeza kanjani/iwasusa kanjani amafayili okushintshaniswa kwememori ebonakalayo kanye nezahluko?

CentOSUngawengeza kanjani/ususe kanjani amafayela e-SWAP wememori ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kanye nokwahlukanisa?

Iyini i-swap partition? I-SWAP iyindawo yokushintshana, futhi indima yesikhala se-SWAP yilaphoLinuxUma inkumbulo engokomzimba yesistimu inganele, ingxenye yenkumbulo yomzimba izokhishwa ukuze igcwalise inkumbulo enganele, ukuze okusebenzayo njengamanje.软件ukusetshenziswa kohlelo.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Swap ukuze ushintshe ama-partitions

Ukulungiswa kwezilungiselelo zokuthuthukisa i-SWAP kubaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokusebenza kweseva yeWebhu. Uma inkumbulo ebonakalayo inganele, ungakwazi ukulondoloza ngempumelelo izindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu ye-LINUX ngokusetha ukwahlukanisa kwe-SWAP yememori ebonakalayo.

Kufanele ube yini usayizi we-swap partition?

Usayizi we-SWAP swap partition unqunywa ngokuya ngosayizi wememori yangempela yesistimu kanye nesofthiwe esetshenzisiwe.

Iziphakamiso ze-CentOS ne-RHEL6 zimi kanje. Sicela wenze izinguquko ezifanele zokulungiselela ngokuya ngesimo esithile:

• I-4GB ye-RAM idinga ubuncane besikhala sokushintshwa esingu-2GB
• I-4GB kuya ku-16GB RAM idinga ubuncane besikhala sokushintshwa esingu-4GB
• I-16GB kuya ku-64GB ye-RAM idinga ubuncane besikhala sokushintshwa esingu-8GB
• I-64GB kuya ku-256GB ye-RAM idinga ubuncane besikhala sokushintshwa esingu-16GB

Buka inkumbulo yamanje bese ushintshanisa usayizi wesikhala (iyunithi ezenzakalelayo ithi k, -m iyunithi ithi M):
free -m

Imiphumela ebonisiwe imi kanje (isibonelo):
amabhafa amahhala asetshenzisiwe afakwe kunqolobane
Inombolo: 498 347 151 0 101 137
-/+ amabhafa/inqolobane: 108 390
Shintshanisa amasheya 0 0 0

Uma Ukushintshanisa kungu-0, kusho ukuthi cha, futhi udinga ukungeza ukwahlukanisa kwe-SWAP.

(Qaphela: I-VPS enezakhiwo ze-OPENVZ ayikusekeli ukungeza ngokuzenzela ukwahlukanisa kokushintshana kwe-SWAP)

Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zokwengeza isikhala sokushintshwa kwe-SWAP:

• 1. Engeza i-SWAP swap partition.
• 2. Engeza ifayela lokushintshanisa le-SWAP.

Kunconywa ukwengeza ukwahlukanisa kwe-SWAP swap; uma singekho isikhala esiningi samahhala esisele, engeza ifayela lokushintshanisa.

Buka ulwazi lwe-SWAP (okuhlanganisa ifayela lokushintshanisa le-SWAP nemininingwane yokuhlukanisa):

swapon -s
noma
cat /proc/swaps

(Uma lingekho inani le-SWAP elibonisiwe, kusho ukuthi isikhala se-SWAP asingeziwe)

Nasi isibonelo sendlela yokudala ifayela le-SWAP:

1. Dala ukushintshwa kwe-1GB

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1k count=1024k
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
echo "/home/swap swap swap default 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10
echo vm.swappiness = 10 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

2. Dala ukushintshwa kwe-2GB

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1k count=2048k
mkswap /home/swap
swapon /home/swap
echo "/home/swap swap swap default 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10
echo vm.swappiness = 10 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

(Qeda)

Okulandelayo yizithenjwa ezinemininingwane eyengeziwe:

1. Sebenzisa umyalo we-dd ukuze udale ifayela lokushintshwa

1G inkumbulo
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000

Inkumbulo ye-2G:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1k count=2048k

Ngale ndlela, ifayela le-/home/swap liyakhiwa, ubukhulu be-1024000 bungu-1G, kanti usayizi we-2048k ngu-2G.

2. Yenza ifayela ngefomethi yokushintshanisa:
mkswap /home/swap

3. Sebenzisa umyalo we-swapon ukukhweza ukuhlukaniswa kwefayela ekuhlukaniseni okushintshiwe
/sbin/swapon /home/swap

Ake sibheke ngomyalo wamahhala -m futhi sithole ukuthi selivele selikhona ifayela lokushintshisana.
free -m

Kodwa ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha uhlelo, ifayela lokushintsha liba ngu-0 futhi.

4. Ukuze uvimbele ukushintshwa kwefayela ekubeni ngu-0 ngemva kokuqala kabusha, lungisa ifayela /etc/fstab

Ekugcineni (umugqa wokugcina) wefayela /etc/fstab engeza:
/home/swap swap swap default 0 0

(Ngakho-ke noma uhlelo luqalwa kabusha, ifayela lokushintshanisa lisabalulekile)

Noma sebenzisa ngokuqondile umyalo olandelayo ukuze wengeze umyalo wokuqalisa kabusha wokukhweza okuzenzakalelayo:
echo "/home/swap swap swap default 0 0
" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

Ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho i-VPS isebenzisa indawo yokushintshanisa i-SWAP?

Akukhona ngemuva kokuthi yonke inkumbulo yomzimba idliwe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isikhala sokushintshwa kwe-SWAP, kodwa kunqunywa inani lepharamitha le-swappiness.

• i-swappiness=0 isho ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwememori ebonakalayo, bese kuba nesikhala sokushintshisana kwe-SWAP.
• i-swappiness=100 ikhombisa ukuthi isikhala sokushintshisana sisetshenziswa, futhi idatha esesikhumbuzweni idluliselwa esikhaleni sokushintshisana ngesikhathi.

Ungayisetha kanjani ipharamitha ye-swappiness?

Ukulungiswa kwesikhashana:

Ukuguqulwa okuhlala njalo:

Engeza amapharamitha alandelayo kufayela /etc/sysctl.conf:
vm.swappiness=10

(Londoloza, kuzoqala ukusebenza ngemuva kokuqala kabusha)

noma faka umyalo ngqo:
echo vm.swappiness = 10 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

Susa ifayela lokushintshanisa le-SWAP

1. Misa ukwahlukanisa ngokushintshana kuqala

/sbin/swapoff /home/swap

2. Susa ifayela lokuhlukanisa lokushintshisana

rm -rf /home/swap

3. Susa umyalo wokumisa okuzenzakalelayo

vi /etc/fstab

Susa lo mugqa:

/home/swap swap swap default 0 0

(Lokhu kuzosusa ifayela lokushintsha elengezwe mathupha)

Qaphela:

• 1. Umsebenzisi wempande kuphela ongasetshenziswa ukwengeza noma ukususa imisebenzi yokushintshanisa.
• 2. Kubonakala sengathi ukwahlukanisa okushintshiwe okwabiwe lapho kufakwa uhlelo lwe-VPS akukwazi ukususwa.
• 3. I-swap partition ngokuvamile iwusayizi ophindwe kabili wememori.