Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-CentOS6.5 ne-7?Kuthiwani ngokukhetha inguqulo ye-CentOS7?

CentOS Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kuka-7 no-6 umehluko wendlela yokuqalisa.

• Ubuchwepheshe bokuqalisa obusetshenziswa yi-CentOS 7 yi-Systemd.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqalisa kwesevisi, amafayela okuqalisa, imiyalo yenethiwekhi, njll., konke kubonisa umehluko kusukela ku-6.

Ake siqale siqonde Linux Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bokuqalisa be-CentOS!

XNUMX. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqalisa uhlelo

1. I-Sysvinit Technology
2. I-Upstart Technology
3. Ubuchwepheshe beSystemd

I-Sysvinit Technology

isici:

• 1) Inqubo yokuqala yesistimu i-init;
• 2) Inqubo ye-init iyinqubo yomzali yazo zonke izinqubo futhi ayikwazi ukubulawa (ukubulawa);
• 3) Iningi lezinhlelo zokusabalalisa ze-Linux zihambisana ne-SystemV, ebizwa ngokuthi i-sysvinti
• 4) Isistimu emele abantu: I-CentOS 5 CentOS 6

Inzuzo:

• I-Sysvinit isebenza kahle futhi umqondo ulula futhi ucacile.
• Incike kakhulu ekubhalweni kwegobolondo.

Ubuthakathaka:

• 1) Kwenziwe ngohlelo oluthile -> Ukuqalisa kuhamba kancane.
• 2) Kulula kakhulu ukulengiswa, i-fstab kanye nezindaba ze-NFS zokukhweza.

I-Upstart Technology

I-CentOS 6 isebenzisa i-SysVinit esikhundleni sobuchwepheshe bokuqalisa ukuze iqale.

Iskripthi se-Upstart sika-rc.sysinit sinokuningi kokulungiselelwa ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuqalisa sokuqalisa uhlelo.

Kodwa-ke, ukwenza izinto zibe lula kubaphathi, i-CentOS 6 ayigqamisi noma isekele izici eziningi ezintsha.

Isistimu emele abantu:CentOS 6, Ubuntu 14.

• i-systemd isetshenziswa kusukela ku-CentOS 7, Ubuntu15.

Ubuchwepheshe beSystemd

Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezintsha (RedHat7, CentOS 7, Ubuntu15, njll.)

• Inhloso yokuklama ukuxazulula ukushiyeka kwangempela kwe-sysvinit nokuthuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo isivinini sokuqalisa uhlelo;
• Ihambisana ne-Sysvinit, ukunciphisa izindleko zokudluliselwa;

Inzuzo eyinhloko:

1. isiqalo esihambisanayo
2. Icubungula usebenzisa i-PID 1

XNUMX. Ukwenziwa ngcono komthombo we-yum

Ku-CentOS 6, okuzenzakalelayo ukulanda amaphakheji we-rpm emithonjeni esemthethweni.

• I-CentOS 7 ithuthukiswe lapha ngenxa yejubane elincane lokusebenzisa izinsiza zakwamanye amazwe.
• uma sisebenzisa ukufaka软件ayisalandwa kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ngokuzenzakalela.
• Kunalokho, izothola ngokuzenzakalelayo umthombo we-Yum oseduze nendawo yawo ukuze iqale ukulanda.

XNUMX. Umyalo

Uma ukhetha okuncane (okuncane kakhulu) lapho ufaka isistimu, izofakwa kuphakheji encane kunezinguqulo zangaphambilini.Isibonelo: I-VIM, sebenzisa ifconfig, umzila womzila, ukusetha ukusetha amapharamitha, i-netstat, njll.Imiyalo eminingi ayisekho.

Ngemva kokufakwa kwesistimu, amaphakheji alandelayo angengezwa:

yum install lrzsz tree net-tools nmap vim bash-completion lsof dos2unix nc telnet ntp wget rng-tools psmisc screen -y
#lrzsz
 支持用于上传和下载linux的windowns平台。
 可以在windowns远程连接工具上使用。
#net-tools
 CentOS  7.2.11
 默认没有ifconfig命令。网络工具提供了一些网络命令。
#bash-completion
 自动命令完成工具。
#rng-tools
 生成随机数字池的工具。
 有了这个工具，tomcat启动速度非常快。
#psmisc
 这包含killall命令。
#screen
 创建一个新窗口并将任务置于后台。

Okwesine, ukuguqulwa kwesethi yohlamvu

Iphrofayela Yesethi Yohlamvu ▼

/etc/locale.conf 

Umugqa womyalo usendaweni ngesinyathelo esisodwa ▼

[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl set-locale LANG = zh_CN.UTF-8
[root@CentOS 7 ~] # localectl status
System Locale: LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
VC Keymap: us
X11 Layout: us

XNUMX. Ukuphathwa kokuqalisa

/etc/rc.local 

Leli fayela lisekhona, kodwa uma sifuna ukuqhubeka sisebenzisa le ndlela, sidinga ukwengeza imvume yokukhipha kulo ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Buka Isimo Somsebenzi Ohleliwe ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Vala imisebenzi ehleliwe ▼

systemctl stop crond.service

Buka ukusebenza kwesimo ▼

systemctl status crond.service

Buka izinsiza ezisebenzayo ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep enable 

Khubaza Isevisi Yemeyili ▼

systemctl disable postfix.service

Hlola ukuthi isevisi yemeyili ivuliwe yini ▼

systemctl list-unit-files|grep postfix

Vala i-firewall ▼

systemctl stop firewalld.service

Qala insiza▼

systemctl is-enable

Isevisi yokuvala engu-# ▼

systemctl disable

Qala ngokuthi /etc/rc.d/rc.local/:

/etc/rc.d/rc.local ku-CentOS 7 idinga ukusebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo ukuze inikeze izimvume ezisebenzisekayo ▼

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Isithupha, i-runlevel (izinga lokugijima)

/etc/inittab iwukumiselela kwethagethi yesistimu okungavumelekile

• Ihlala isebenza ekungeneni okulandelayo

shintshela ku-5 ▼

systemctl get-default graphical.target

shintshela ku-3 ▼

systemctl get-default multi-user.target

Isebenza okwesikhashana ▼

INIT3

Amaleveli okugijima amahlanu kuphela ▼

[root@centos7 ~]# ls -lh /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel*.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target -> graphical.target 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Mar 20 22:31 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target -> reboot.target

Okuyisikhombisa, lungiselela ikhodi yomthombo ye-yum

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

Umthombo osemthethweni we-EPEL ▼

wget http://dl.fedorMaroject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm