Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa cron ndi crond? Phunzirani zinsinsi za ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu mphindi imodzi

Kodi mwasokonezeka kuti ndi "cron" kapena "crond" iti yomwe mungakonze ntchito zomwe zakonzedwa pa Linux system yanu?

Zoonadi, anthu ambiri amadabwa kuti: "Kodi kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa ndi kotani?" Ngakhale kuti amaoneka ngati mapasa, mukawayang'anitsitsa, pali kusiyana kochepa koma kofunikira pakati pawo.

Nkhaniyi ikutengerani mozama mu mawonekedwe awo apadera komanso mfundo zogwirira ntchito.

cron ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi cron , dzina lomwe mwina mumalidziwa bwino.

cron kwenikweni ndi gulu lonse la Dongosolo lokhazikika la ntchito, amene dzina lake limachokera ku muzu wachi Greek "chronos”, kutanthauza nthawi.

Dongosolo la cron ndi jenereta yokonzekera ntchito zamachitidwe a Linux, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchita ntchito zinazake zokha panthawi inayake.

Mwachitsanzo, mutha kukonza zolemba zosunga zobwezeretsera kuti zizichitika m'mawa uliwonse, fufuzani momwe zilili pa ola lililonse, ndi zina.

cron core magwiridwe antchito

Ntchito yaikulu ya cron ndikuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka ntchito za dongosolo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa " ntchito zokonzedweratu " kapena "ntchito zokonzedweratu".

Dongosolo la cron limawerenga mafayilo a crontab (matebulo a cron), omwe ali ndi nthawi zogwirira ntchito ndi mndandanda wa malamulo. Cron idzachita ntchito izi zokha panthawi yoikika malinga ndi makonda mu fayilo ya crontab.

Mwachidule, cron ndiye "wokonzekera" ntchito zokonzedwa , yemwe ali ndi udindo wokhazikitsa nthawi ya ntchito zonse.

Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la crontab

Mu machitidwe a Linux, cron system imakhala ndi crontab lamula kuyang'anira. kupita crontab Malamulo, mukhoza kuwonjezera, kusintha ndi kuchotsa ntchito zomwe zakonzedwa.

使用 crontab -e Lamulo lolowetsamo kusintha, mutha kuwonjezera ntchito zomwe mukufuna kuchita patebulo la cron, mawonekedwe ake ndi awa:

* * * * * /path/to/command

Chizindikiro chilichonse cha "*" chimayimira nthawi yosiyana, monga mphindi, maola, masiku, miyezi ndi masabata. Ndi masanjidwe a nthawi awa, mutha kuwongolera nthawi yomwe ntchito zikuchitidwa.

Kodi crond ndi chiyani?

Popeza tamvetsa lingaliro la cron, tiyeni tiwone crond . Uyu ndiye "ngwazi yosatchuka" ya dongosolo la cron.

crond ndi daemon ya cron system . Ndi pulogalamu yomwe imayenda mosalekeza kumbuyo ndipo ili ndi udindo wowunikira nthawi ya system ndikuchita ntchito zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi cron system.

maudindo a crond

Njira ya crond idzangoyamba pomwe dongosolo likuyamba ndipo nthawi zonse limayenda kumbuyo Ntchito yake yokha ndikuchita ntchito zomwe zili mu fayilo ya crontab panthawi yake.

Mwachidule, crond ndiye "woyang'anira" wa cron system.

Popanda ndondomeko ya crond, dongosolo la cron lidzataya mphamvu yochita ntchito zomwe zakonzedwa.

Mu machitidwe a Linux, mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo ili kuti muwone ngati ndondomeko ya crond ikugwira ntchito:

ps -ef | grep crond

Ngati ndondomeko ya crond sikugwira ntchito, ntchito zonse zomwe zakonzedwa sizidzachitika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti crond process iyende bwino.

Ubale pakati pa cron ndi crond: mautumiki ndi otsogolera

Kuti timvetse bwino ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa cron ndi crond, titha kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chenicheni.

Tangoganizirani izi: Muli ndi pulogalamu yotchedwa " Xiaohongshu" ( Little Red Book ), yomwe ndi njira yayikulu yomwe imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuwona ndi kutumiza zomwe zili mkati nthawi zina;

Kumbuyo kwa pulogalamuyi, pali pulogalamu yotchedwa "Xiaohong Guardian", yomwe imayang'anira kusindikiza zomwe zili kumbuyo.

cron ali ngati "kabuku kakang'ono kofiira", ndipo crond ndi "woyang'anira pang'ono wofiira".

Kuti mufotokoze mwachidule kusiyana kwa cron ndi crond:

• cron: Ili ndi udindo wopanga ndi kuyang'anira ndandanda ya ntchito, ndipo ndi "ubongo" wakukonzekera ntchito.
• cron: Njira ya daemon yakumbuyo, yomwe ndi "woyang'anira" ntchito zomwe zakonzedwa ndikuchita ntchito molingana ndi dongosolo lomwe lili pa tebulo la cron.

Kuyang'ana motere, cron ndiye dongosolo lonse, ndipo crond ndi njira yomwe imagwira ntchito pamakina.

crontab: mndandanda wa ntchito za cron

Dongosolo la cron limadalira mafayilo a crontab kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ; apa ndi pomwe dongosolo la cron limasunga ma schedule a ntchito.

Wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense (kuphatikiza wogwiritsa ntchito mizu) akhoza kukhala ndi fayilo yake yodziyimira payokha ya crontab yoyendetsera ntchito zake zomwe adakonza.

tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito crontab -l lamula kuti muwone mndandanda wa ntchito za wogwiritsa ntchito, kapena gwiritsani ntchito crontab -e kusintha ntchito.

crontab fayilo syntax

Mu fayilo ya crontab, mzere uliwonse umayimira ntchito, ndipo mawonekedwe a mzere uliwonse ali motere:

分钟 小时 日期 月份 星期 命令

Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yotsatirayi ikuyimira kulemba zosunga zobwezeretsera nthawi ya 2 koloko tsiku lililonse:

0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup.sh

Chitsanzo chosavuta ichi chikuwonetsa mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi za cron system.

cron ndi crond: mgwirizano wawo kumbuyo kwazithunzi

Pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni kwa dongosololi, cron ndi crond ndizosagwirizana. cron ali ndi udindo wopanga ndi kuyang'anira ndandanda ya ntchito, pomwe crond imayang'anira nthawi zonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito zikuchitidwa panthawi yake.

Nthawi iliyonse ikafika nthawi yokonzekeratu, crond "idzadzuka" ndikugwira ntchitoyo.

Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira crond daemon?

Kukhalapo kwa crond kumatsimikizira kuti ntchito zimachitidwa panthawi yake.

Ngati crond imasiya kugwira ntchito, ntchito zonse mu cron sizidzatha kuchita. Chifukwa chake, kugwira ntchito kwanthawi zonse kwa crond daemon ndikofunikira pakuwongolera makina.

Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito pa kayendetsedwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku

Kuphatikiza kwa cron ndi crond kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwongolera dongosolo, makamaka m'malo a seva. Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazochitika zogwiritsira ntchito:

1. zosunga zobwezeretsera: Kupyolera mu cron, mutha kukonza seva kuti isungire deta pafupipafupi tsiku lililonse kapena sabata iliyonse.
2. Kuyeretsa zokha: Konzani kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kwa mafayilo a log kuti muteteze malo a disk disk kuti asadzazidwe.
3. Kuyang'anira ndi kuchititsa mantha: Nthawi zonse chitani kafukufuku waumoyo wamakina kudzera pa cron ndikutumiza maimelo a alamu pakapezeka zolakwika.

Kusamvana pakati pa cron ndi crond: Mafunso ndi Mayankho Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Chifukwa chiyani ntchito ya cron sikuchitika?

Anthu ambiri apeza kuti ntchito za cron zomwe amaziyika sizikukwaniritsidwa monga momwe amayembekezera.

1. crond process sinayambike: Chonde onetsetsani kuti crond ikuyenda bwino.
2. Vuto la kasinthidwe ka ntchito: Onani ngati syntax ya fayilo ya crontab ndiyolondola.
3. vuto lanjira: Onetsetsani kuti malamulo otchulidwa ndi njira zolembera ndizolondola.

Momwe mungayambitsirenso ndondomeko ya crond?

Ngati njira ya crond ndi yachilendo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo ili kuti muyambitsenso:

sudo service crond restart

Lamuloli liyambitsanso crond service kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito zonse zikuyenda bwino.

Kutsiliza: Kufunika kwa cron ndi crond

Mgwirizano wangwiro pakati pa cron ndi crond umalola makina a Linux kuti azigwira ntchito popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu, kupititsa patsogolo luso la kasamalidwe ka makina.

cron imagwira ntchito ngati dongosolo lokonzekera nthawi yopanga mapulani, ndipo crond imagwira ntchito ngati njira ya daemon yomwe imayang'anira ntchito.

Titha kunena kuti awiriwa amathandizirana ndikumanga pamodzi njira yoyendetsera ntchito yamphamvu komanso yosinthika.

Pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, kudziwa kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cron ndi crond kungakupangitseni kukhala omasuka pakuwongolera seva ndikukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito bwino.

M'tsogolomu, mutha kuphunzira zambiri zakugwiritsa ntchito kwapamwamba kwa cron system kuti mupititse patsogolo ndikuwongolera kasamalidwe ka makina anu.

cron ndi crond ndiwothandizana nawo bwino omwe woyang'anira Linux aliyense ayenera kukhala nawo.