I-CentOS yongeza njani ngesandla / isusa imemori ebonakalayo ye-SWAP iifayile zokutshintsha kunye nezahlulo?

CentOSUngongeza njani/ususa njani imemori yenyani iifayile zokutshintshatshintsha kunye nezahlulo?

Yintoni iSwap isahlulelo? I-SWAP yindawo yokutshintsha umsebenzi wesithuba se-SWAP kukuLinuxXa inkumbulo yomzimba yenkqubo ingonelanga, inxalenye yesithuba senkumbulo yenyama iyakhutshwa ukuncedisa ukunqongophala kwenkumbulo yomzimba ukuze isebenze ngoku.软件ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo.

Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa iSwap ukutshintsha izahlulelo

Ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kokulungiswa kwe-SWAP kubaluleke kakhulu kwisicelo sokusebenza somncedisi weWebhu Ukuba imemori yomzimba ayanelanga, unokugcina ngokufanelekileyo iindleko zokuphucula inkqubo ye-LINUX ngokucwangcisa isahlulelo se-SWAP yememori yenyani.

Ubungakanani besahlulelo sokutshintsha kufuneka simiselwe?

Qinisekisa ubungakanani besahlulelo sokutshintsha kwe-SWAP ngokusekwe kowona bungakanani bememori yenkqubo kunye nesoftware esetyenzisiweyo.

Izindululo ze-CentOS kunye ne-RHEL6 zezi zilandelayo. Nceda wenze uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo ngokwemeko ethile:

• I-4GB ye-RAM ifuna ubuncinane be-2GB yendawo yokutshintsha.Imemori engaphantsi kwe-4GB ifuna ngaphezulu kwe-2GB yendawo yokutshintsha.
• I-4GB ukuya kwi-16GB RAM ifuna ubuncinane be-4GB yendawo yokutshintsha 4GB-16GB RAM ifuna ubuncinane be-4GB yendawo yokutshintsha
• I-16GB ukuya kwi-64GB ye-RAM ifuna ubuncinci be-8GB yendawo yokutshintsha I-16GB-64GB imemori ifuna ubuncinane be-8GB yendawo yokutshintsha
• I-64GB ukuya kwi-256GB ye-RAM ifuna ubuncinci be-16GB yendawo yokutshintsha I-64GB-256GB imemori ifuna ubuncinane be-16GB yendawo yokutshintsha

Jonga inkumbulo yangoku kwaye utshintshe ubungakanani besithuba (iyunithi ehlala ikho yi-k, -m iyunithi yi-M):
free -m

Iziphumo ezibonisiweyo zezi zilandelayo (umzekelo):
Itotali esetyenzisiweyo simahla izithinteli ekwabelwana ngazo zigcinwe
UMem: 498 347 151 0 101 137
-/+ ii-buffers/cache: 108 390
Ukutshintsha: 0 0 0

Ukuba uTshintsho ngu-0, kuthetha ukuba akukho sahlulelo sotshintshiselwano, ngoko ke kufuneka udibanise ulwahlulo lokutshintsha ngesandla ngesandla.

(Qaphela: I-VPS ene-OPENVZ ayikuxhasi ukongeza ngesandla i-SWAP swap partitions)

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokongeza indawo yokutshintsha i-SWAP:

• 1. Yongeza isahlulelo sokutshintsha i-SWAP.
• 2. Yongeza ifayile yokutshintshiselana ye-SWAP.

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise isahlulelo sokutshintsha i-SWAP; ukuba akukho ndawo ingako yasimahla eseleyo, yongeza ifayile yokutshintsha.

Jonga ulwazi lwe-SWAP (kubandakanya ifayile yokutshintsha i-SWAP kunye neenkcukacha zokwahlula):

swapon -s
okanye
cat /proc/swaps

(Ukuba akukho xabiso le-SWAP liboniswayo, oko kuthetha ukuba isithuba se-SWAP asikafakwa)

Nanku umzekelo wendlela yokwenza ifayile ye-SWAP:

1. Yenza utshintsho lwe-1GB

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1k count=1024k
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
echo "/home/swap swap swap default 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10
echo vm.swappiness = 10 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

2. Yenza utshintsho lwe-2GB

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1k count=2048k
mkswap /home/swap
swapon /home/swap
echo "/home/swap swap swap default 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10
echo vm.swappiness = 10 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

(ngaphaya)

Nantsi imiyalelo eyongezelelweyo yereferensi eneenkcukacha:

1. Sebenzisa umyalelo wedd ukwenza ifayile yokutshintsha

Imemori ye-1G
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000

Imemori ye-2G:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1k count=2048k

Ngale ndlela, ifayile ye-/home/swap yenziwe Ubungakanani be-1024000 yi-1G kunye nobukhulu be-2048k yi-2G.

2. Yenza ifayile yokutshintsha ifomati:
mkswap /home/swap

3. Emva koko sebenzisa umyalelo we-swapon ukunyusa le fayile isahlulelo kwisahlulelo sokutshintsha.
/sbin/swapon /home/swap

Sisebenzise i-free -m umyalelo wokujonga kwaye safumanisa ukuba sele kukho ifayile yokutshintsha.
free -m

Kodwa emva kokuqalisa kwakhona inkqubo, ifayile yokutshintsha ibe ngu-0 kwakhona.

4. Ukuthintela ifayile yokutshintsha ekubeni ibe yi-0 emva kokuqalisa kwakhona, lungisa ifayile ye/etc/fstab.

Ekupheleni kwefayile /etc/fstab (umgca wokugqibela) yongeza:
/home/swap swap swap default 0 0

(Ngale ndlela, nokuba inkqubo iqalwe kwakhona, ifayile yokutshintsha izakuba nexabiso)

Okanye sebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo lo myalelo ulandelayo ukongeza ukuqala kwakhona okuzenzekelayo komyalelo woqwalaselo:
echo "/home/swap swap swap default 0 0
" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

Ngaphantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho iVPS isebenzisa indawo ye-SWAP?

Ayilindi ide yonke inkumbulo yomzimba idliwe phambi kokusebenzisa i-SWAP swap space, kodwa imiselwa lixabiso lepharamitha ye-swappiness.

• swappiness=0 kuthetha ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwenkumbulo yomzimba, kulandelwa sisithuba sokutshintsha i-SWAP.
• swappiness=100 kuthetha ukusebenzisa ngokusebenzayo isithuba se-SWAP kunye nokuhambisa idatha kwimemori kwindawo yokutshintsha ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Indlela yokuseta iparamitha ye-swappiness?

Uhlengahlengiso lwexeshana:

Uhlengahlengiso olusisigxina:

Yongeza ezi parameters zilandelayo kwifayile /etc/sysctl.conf:
vm.swappiness=10

(Yigcine kwaye iya kusebenza emva kokuqalisa kwakhona)

Okanye ngenisa umyalelo ngokuthe ngqo:
echo vm.swappiness = 10 | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf

Cima ifayile yokutshintsha i-SWAP

1. Misa isahlulelo sokutshintsha kuqala

/sbin/swapoff /home/swap

2. Cima ifayile yesahlulelo sokutshintsha

rm -rf /home/swap

3. Cima umyalelo woqwalaselo oluzixhomayo

vi /etc/fstab

Cima lo mgca:

/home/swap swap swap default 0 0

(Ngale ndlela, ifayile yokutshintsha eyongezwe ngesandla ingacinywa)

Qaphela:

• 1. Ngumsebenzisi wengcambu kuphela onokusetyenziswa ukongeza okanye ukucima utshintsho.
• 2. Kubonakala ngathi i-swap partition eyabelwe xa ufaka inkqubo yeVPS ayinakususwa.
• 3. Ukwahlulahlula ngokuqhelekileyo kuphindwe kabini ubukhulu bememori.